x3650从RAID到lvm安装全过程服务器型号：x3650 内存：164g 共有8块900M硬盘磁盘阵列（RAID

服务器

型号：x3650 内存：164g 共有8块900M硬盘

磁盘阵列（RAID）

概念

优点：可以将多个磁盘划分为一块逻辑磁盘使用

RAID控制

硬件RAID：IBM自带RAID控制
软件RAID：mdadm

划分RAID方式:

RAID0：把2块以上硬盘划组合在一起，将数据顺序写到2块硬盘。优点是数据按照顺序分别写入2块磁盘，提高磁盘吞吐量。缺点：硬盘损坏不可恢复
RAID1：2块以上硬盘组合，将数据同时写到多块硬盘，任何一块硬盘损坏都可恢复
RAID5：3块以上硬盘组合，前2块硬盘写数据，第3块硬盘写前2块硬盘的奇偶校验。缺点：只有一块硬盘损坏才能恢复
RAID10：RAID1+RAID0的组合。优点：只要不是同一侧的硬盘损坏就能恢复

配置

2块硬盘做RAID1,6块硬盘做RAID5

开机后根据快捷键提示ctrl+h进入webbios

配置RAID1

选择【Add Configuration】，点击【Next】下一步选择【Manual Configuration】，点击【Next】下一步

将左侧2块硬盘加到右侧的组中

点击【Accept DG】，创建磁盘组

【Next】进入下一步点击【Add to SPAN】，将刚才创建好的磁盘组加入到右侧方框内

点击【Next】下一步

配置阵列参数：”Raid Level”选择Raid1，其余保持默认 ”Select Size”输入阵列容量大小，最大值可参考右侧绿字提示

配置完成后点击【Accept】

确认写入

初始化磁盘，选择Fast Initialize后点击Go，等待初始化完毕，第一次会比较慢

点击【Set Boot Driver】，这一块盘将作为系统盘

等待进度完成后，点击【HOME】返回首页

配置RAID5

进入配置向导

重复上述操作，将剩余磁盘划分到新组，配置为RAID５，格式化磁盘

安装系统

准备启动盘：ubuntu server 24.04

重启系统，按下【F12】选择启动介质

选择语言，默认

配置网络按tab键配置IP相关地址，使用 DHCP 或者静态IP。

配置分区

添加一个系统分区，剩余的磁盘安装系统后分配

等待安装完毕后重启

划分lvm

目标：安装系统时已将300g分给根目录，将剩余空间划分到一个逻辑卷，挂载到/mydata

概念

传统分区存在分区后空间固定，扩展时需要备份数据，卸载硬盘。但是磁盘数据较大一般不动，亦需停止程序。优点：可以动态扩展空间。并且支持热加载，无需卸载磁盘或终止程序。

配置

和RAID结构类似，都是在物理盘上划分出逻辑盘。过程：格式化为PE，划分VG，再从VG池中划分LV

分区前

一块900g，一块4T，300g分给系统

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 4 KiB, 4096 bytes, 8 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop1: 74.24 MiB, 77844480 bytes, 152040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 <img src="bytes" alt="" width="30%" />
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop2: 268.65 MiB, 281702400 bytes, 550200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop3: 505.09 MiB, 529625088 bytes, 1034424 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop4: 91.69 MiB, 96141312 bytes, 187776 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop5: 38.83 MiB, 40714240 bytes, 79520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop6: 138.87 MiB, 145612800 bytes, 284400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 4.54 TiB, 4994996633600 bytes, 9755852800 sectors
Disk model: ServeRAID M5110e
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 930.39 GiB, 998999326720 bytes, 1951170560 sectors
Disk model: ServeRAID M5110e
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B54948E4-C75E-4317-B652-765B5454DBB1

Device       Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1     2048   2203647   2201600    1G EFI System
/dev/sda2  2203648 631349247 629145600  300G Linux filesystem

将900g的剩余空间分区

在 fdisk 提示符下，输入 n 创建新分区。

选择分区类型：输入 p 代表主分区，或者 e 代表扩展分区。

输入分区号（例如2，如果 /dev/sda1 是唯一存在的分区）。

输入分区的起始扇区，你可以接受默认值，这通常会从未被分配的空间开始。

输入分区的大小，你可以指定如 +600G，或者直接敲击回车键来使用整个剩余空间

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.39.3).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea.
It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap
partitions on this disk.


Command (m for help): n
Partition number (3-128, default 3): p  #分区号一个磁盘的不能重复
Value out of range.
Partition number (3-128, default 3): 3
First sector (631349248-1951170526, default 631349248): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (631349248-1951170526, default 1951168511): 

Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 629.3 GiB.

Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

划分后：

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 4 KiB, 4096 bytes, 8 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop1: 74.24 MiB, 77844480 bytes, 152040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop2: 268.65 MiB, 281702400 bytes, 550200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop3: 505.09 MiB, 529625088 bytes, 1034424 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop4: 91.69 MiB, 96141312 bytes, 187776 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop5: 38.83 MiB, 40714240 bytes, 79520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop6: 138.87 MiB, 145612800 bytes, 284400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 4.54 TiB, 4994996633600 bytes, 9755852800 sectors
Disk model: ServeRAID M5110e
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 930.39 GiB, 998999326720 bytes, 1951170560 sectors
Disk model: ServeRAID M5110e
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B54948E4-C75E-4317-B652-765B5454DBB1

Device         Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1       2048    2203647    2201600     1G EFI System
/dev/sda2    2203648  631349247  629145600   300G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3  631349248 1951168511 1319819264 629.3G Linux filesystem

初始化物理卷

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo pvcreate  /dev/sdb /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

查看

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo pvs
[sudo] password for tyjfwy: 
  PV         VG Fmt  Attr PSize    PFree   
  /dev/sda3     lvm2 ---  <629.34g <629.34g
  /dev/sdb      lvm2 ---     4.54t    4.54t

将2个分区加入卷组

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo vgcreate linuxvg /dev/sdb /dev/sda3
  Volume group "linuxvg" successfully created

查看

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo vgs
  VG      #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree 
  linuxvg   2   0   0 wz--n- <5.16t <5.16t

卷组剩余空间分配给逻辑卷

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo lvcreate -n linuxlv -l +100%FREE  linuxvg 
  Logical volume "linuxlv" created.

查看

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo lvs
  LV      VG      Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  linuxlv linuxvg -wi-a----- <5.16t 

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/linuxvg/linuxlv
  LV Name                linuxlv
  VG Name                linuxvg
  LV UUID                Vy3UJL-vBpO-Y4gL-kDbl-kDpt-bcSA-oZw50x
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time tyjfwy, 2024-06-27 11:49:42 +0000
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                <5.16 TiB
  Current LE             1352009
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           252:0

格式化逻辑卷

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/linuxvg/linuxlv
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Creating filesystem with 1384457216 4k blocks and 173060096 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 370b121f-8a3c-47cc-8df6-454e200b3278
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
	102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

挂载

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:~$ sudo mount /dev/linuxvg/linuxlv /mydata/

tyjfwy@tyjfwy:/mydata$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 4 KiB, 4096 bytes, 8 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop1: 74.24 MiB, 77844480 bytes, 152040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop2: 268.65 MiB, 281702400 bytes, 550200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop3: 505.09 MiB, 529625088 bytes, 1034424 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop4: 91.69 MiB, 96141312 bytes, 187776 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop5: 38.83 MiB, 40714240 bytes, 79520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop6: 138.87 MiB, 145612800 bytes, 284400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 4.54 TiB, 4994996633600 bytes, 9755852800 sectors
Disk model: ServeRAID M5110e
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 930.39 GiB, 998999326720 bytes, 1951170560 sectors
Disk model: ServeRAID M5110e
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B54948E4-C75E-4317-B652-765B5454DBB1

Device         Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1       2048    2203647    2201600     1G EFI System
/dev/sda2    2203648  631349247  629145600   300G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3  631349248 1951168511 1319819264 629.3G Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/mapper/linuxvg-linuxlv: 5.16 TiB, 5670736756736 bytes, 11075657728 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
tyjfwy@tyjfwy:/mydata$ df -h
Filesystem                   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                         16G  2.3M   16G   1% /run
efivarfs                     192K   39K  149K  21% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
/dev/sda2                    295G   15G  265G   6% /
tmpfs                         79G     0   79G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                        5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda1                    1.1G  6.2M  1.1G   1% /boot/efi
tmpfs                         16G  124K   16G   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/mapper/linuxvg-linuxlv  5.2T   32K  4.9T   1% /mydata

写入配置

写入分区后是临时缓存，重启后失效，需要写入分区表

/dev/linuxvg/linuxlv /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0

重载配置

systemctl daemon-reload