理论基础
- stack 栈 FILO
- push,pop
- queue 队列 FIFO
- enqueue,dequeue
232.用栈实现队列
class MyQueue {
Stack<Integer> main;
Stack<Integer> second;
public MyQueue() {
main = new Stack<Integer>();
second = new Stack<Integer>();
}
public void push(int x) {
main.push(x);
}
public int pop() {
dumpMainSecond();
return second.pop();
}
public int peek() {
dumpMainSecond();
return second.peek();
}
public boolean empty() {
return main.isEmpty() && second.isEmpty();
}
private void dumpMainSecond(){
if(!second.isEmpty()){
return;
}
while(!main.isEmpty()){
second.push(main.pop());
}
}
}
225. 用队列实现栈
class MyStack {
Queue<Integer> main;
Queue<Integer> second;
public MyStack() {
main = new LinkedList<>();
second = new LinkedList<>();;
}
public void push(int x) {
second.offer(x); // 先放在辅助队列中
while (!main.isEmpty()){
second.offer(main.poll());
}
Queue<Integer> queueTemp;
queueTemp = main;
main = second;
second = queueTemp;
}
public int pop() {
return main.poll();
}
public int top() {
return main.peek();
}
public boolean empty() {
return main.isEmpty();
}
}
20. 有效的括号
class Solution {
public boolean isValid(String s) {
Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<>();
char[] c = s.toCharArray();
for(int i=0;i < c.length;i++){
if(c[i] == '(' || c[i] == '{' || c[i] == '['){
stack.push(c[i]);
}else{
if(stack.isEmpty()){return false;}
char check = stack.pop();
if(c[i] == ')' && check == '('){
continue;
}else if(c[i] == '}' && check == '{'){
continue;
}else if(c[i] == ']' && check == '['){
continue;
}else{
return false;
}
}
}
if (!stack.isEmpty()){
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
第一种情况:已经遍历完了字符串,但是栈不为空,说明有相应的左括号没有右括号来匹配,所以return false
第二种情况:遍历字符串匹配的过程中,发现栈里没有要匹配的字符。所以return false
第三种情况:遍历字符串匹配的过程中,栈已经为空了,没有匹配的字符了,说明右括号没有找到对应的左括号return false
那么什么时候说明左括号和右括号全都匹配了呢,就是字符串遍历完之后,栈是空的,就说明全都匹配了。
1047. 删除字符串中的所有相邻重复项
class Solution {
public String removeDuplicates(String s) {
Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<>();
char[] c = s.toCharArray();
for(int i=0;i < c.length;i++){
if(stack.isEmpty()){
stack.push(c[i]);
}else{
char p = stack.pop();
if(c[i] != p){
stack.push(p);
stack.push(c[i]);
}
}
}
String res = "";
while(!stack.isEmpty()){
res = stack.pop() + res;
}
return res;
}
}
随想录代码
class Solution {
public String removeDuplicates(String S) {
//ArrayDeque会比LinkedList在除了删除元素这一点外会快一点
//参考:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6163166/why-is-arraydeque-better-than-linkedlist
ArrayDeque<Character> deque = new ArrayDeque<>();
char ch;
for (int i = 0; i < S.length(); i++) {
ch = S.charAt(i);
if (deque.isEmpty() || deque.peek() != ch) {
deque.push(ch);
} else {
deque.pop();
}
}
String str = "";
//剩余的元素即为不重复的元素
while (!deque.isEmpty()) {
str = deque.pop() + str;
}
return str;
}
}
- 拿字符串直接作为栈,省去了栈还要转为字符串的操作。
class Solution {
public String removeDuplicates(String s) {
// 将 res 当做栈
// 也可以用 StringBuilder 来修改字符串,速度更快
// StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
// top为 res 的长度
int top = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
char c = s.charAt(i);
// 当 top > 0,即栈中有字符时,当前字符如果和栈中字符相等,弹出栈顶字符,同时 top--
if (top >= 0 && res.charAt(top) == c) {
res.deleteCharAt(top);
top--;
// 否则,将该字符 入栈,同时top++
} else {
res.append(c);
top++;
}
}
return res.toString();
}
}
- 双指针
class Solution {
public String removeDuplicates(String s) {
char[] ch = s.toCharArray();
int fast = 0;
int slow = 0;
while(fast < s.length()){
// 直接用fast指针覆盖slow指针的值
ch[slow] = ch[fast];
// 遇到前后相同值的,就跳过,即slow指针后退一步,下次循环就可以直接被覆盖掉了
if(slow > 0 && ch[slow] == ch[slow - 1]){
slow--;
}else{
slow++;
}
fast++;
}
return new String(ch,0,slow);
}
}