英语语法 4-3 时态 - 过去时态 （Past Tenses）

LIam_Payne
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英语中与过去时态相关的时态包括几种不同的形式，这些时态帮助我们表达过去发生的动作、状态，以及这些动作与过去的其他时间点的关系。以下是主要的过去时态及相关例句：

1. 简单过去时 (Simple Past)

  • 用来描述过去某个时间点发生的动作或存在的状态，不强调与现在的关系。
  • 结构：动词过去式
  • 例句：Yesterday, I walked to the park.
  • She visited her grandparents last weekend.（上周末她拜访了她的祖父母。）

2. 过去进行时 (Past Continuous)

  • 表示过去某个具体时间或时间段内正在进行的动作。
  • 结构：was/were + 现在分词(-ing)
  • 例句：At 8 PM last night, I was watching a movie.
  • At 9 PM yesterday, they were watching a documentary on TV.（昨天晚上九点，他们正在电视上看一部纪录片。）

3. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect)

  • 用来描述过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态，强调“过去的过去”。
  • 结构：had + 过去分词
  • 例句：By the time I arrived, the train had already left.
  • By the time he arrived, the movie had already started.（他到达时，电影已经开始了。）

4. 过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous)

  • 表示从过去的某个时间点开始一直持续到过去另一个时间点的动作或状态。
  • 结构：had been + 现在分词(-ing)
  • 例句：She had been studying for six hours when she took a break.
  • He had been studying for the exam since dawn.（他从黎明开始就一直在为考试学习。）

5. 一般过去将来时 (Past Future Simple / Future-in-the-Past)

  • 从过去的视角描述将来会发生的事情。
  • 结构：would + 动词原形 或 was/were going to + 动词原形
  • 例句：He said he would visit us tomorrow.
  • She said she would travel to Japan next year.（她说她明年会去日本旅行。）

6. 过去将来进行时 (Past Future Continuous / Future Continuous-in-the-Past)

  • 从过去的视角描述将来某个时间点正在进行的动作。
  • 结构：would be + 现在分词 或 was/were going to be + 现在分词
  • 例句：He told us he would be working late tonight.
  • He told us he would be working on a new project next week.（他告诉我们下周他将从事一个新的项目。）
  • He told us he would be working on a new project next week.（他告诉我们下周他将从事一个新的项目。）

7. 过去将来完成时 (Past Future Perfect)

  • 从过去的视角描述到将来某一时间点前已经完成的动作。
  • 结构：would have + 过去分词 或 was/were going to have + 过去分词
  • 例句：He said he would have finished his project by Friday.
  • The professor said he would have graded all the papers by Friday.（教授说他会在周五之前批改完所有论文。）

8. 过去将来完成进行时 (Past Future Perfect Continuous / Future Perfect Continuous-in-the-Past)

  • 从过去的视角描述到将来某一时间点前一直在进行的动作。

  • 结构：would have been + 现在分词 或 was/were going to have been + 现在分词

  • 例句：She said she would have been working here for ten years by the end of next month.

  • They informed us they would have been living in Paris for five years by the time we arrived.（他们告诉我们，当我们到达时，他们将在巴黎生活满五年了。）

以下是一些关于过去时态相关时态的例题，包括选择题和填空题，供您练习和检验理解：

选择题

  1. By the time we got to the station, the train _________. A. leaves
    B. left
    C. had left
    D. was leaving

  2. She said she _________ her homework before dinner yesterday. A. finish
    B. finished
    C. had finished
    D. was finishing

  3. They _________ TV when the power went out last night. A. watch
    B. watched
    C. were watching
    D. had been watching

  4. He promised that by the end of the month, he _________ the book. A. would read
    B. will have read
    C. had read
    D. reads

  5. They informed us they _________ in New York for a decade by next summer. A. will have been living
    B. would live
    C. had lived
    D. were living

填空题

  1. When I entered the room, she __________ (write) a letter to her friend.

  2. He __________ (work) at the company for five years before he decided to start his own business.

  3. The teacher asked if everyone __________ (understand) the lesson.

  4. By the time we arrived at the party, most of the guests __________ (already leave).

  5. She told me she __________ (plan) to study abroad next semester.

参考答案

  1. C. had left

  2. C. had finished

  3. C. were watching

  4. A. would read

  5. A. will have been living

  6. was writing

  7. had worked

  8. understood

  9. had already left

  10. was planning

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