英语中包含多种特殊句型,这些句型通常有其独特的语法结构和特定的使用场景,能够使语言表达更加生动、精确或强调特定信息。以下是一些常见的英语特殊句型及其例句:
1. 倒装句 (Inverted Sentences)
- 部分倒装:当句子以某些副词、否定词或助动词开头时,主语和谓语动词的位置会发生颠倒。
- Never have I seen such a beautiful sight.(我从未见过如此美丽的景象。)
- 全部倒装:在某些情况下,整个谓语动词都置于主语之前。
- Up went the balloon into the sky.(气球升上了天空。)
2. 强调句 (Emphatic Sentences)
- 使用"It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分"的结构来强调句子中的某个成分。
- It was her determination that led her to success.(正是她的决心让她走向成功。)
3. 疑问句 (Question Forms)
- 一般疑问句:用于询问事实或确认信息。
- Are you coming to the party?(你要来参加派对吗?)
- 特殊疑问句:针对具体信息提问。
- What time does the movie start?(电影几点开始?)
- 选择疑问句:提出两种或多种选择供对方选择。
- Do you prefer tea or coffee?(你喜欢茶还是咖啡?)
4. 省略句 (Elliptical Sentences)
- 在对话或连续句子中,为避免重复,可省略某些词语。
- "Can you pass the salt?" "Sure."(“你能递一下盐吗?”“好的。”第二个句子中省略了谓语动词“can pass”。)
5. 分词短语句 (Participle Phrase Sentences)
- 使用现在分词(-ing)或过去分词(-ed)引导的短语来修饰主句的主语。
- Walking slowly in the park, he enjoyed the fresh air.(他在公园里慢慢走着,享受着新鲜空气。)
6. 虚拟语气句 (Conditional Sentences - Unreal Conditions)
- 表示假设或非真实情况。
- If I were you, I would take the job.(如果我是你,我会接受那份工作。)
7. 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentences)
- 用来表达强烈的情感或惊讶。
- How beautiful the sunset is!(夕阳多么美丽啊!)
8. 存现句 (Existential Sentences)
- 以there或here开头,表示某处存在某物或发生某事。
- There are many reasons why he should stay.(有很多理由让他留下来。)
1. 倒装句 (Inverted Sentences)
-
部分倒装通常用于以下几种情况:
- 以否定词(如never, hardly, seldom, not until等)开头的句子:
- Never have I been so proud.(我从未如此自豪过。)
- 以副词(如here, there, now, then等)开头的句子,尤其是表示位置或时间的副词:
- Here comes the bus.(公交车来了。)
- 在某些条件状语从句中,如果if省略且从句以had, were, should开头,则主句采用倒装:
- Were I you, I'd seize the opportunity.(如果我是你,我会抓住这个机会。)
- 以否定词(如never, hardly, seldom, not until等)开头的句子:
-
全部倒装主要出现在以下情况:
- 句子以表地点或方向的副词短语开头,且谓语动词为不及物动词:
- Under the tree lies a sleeping dog.(树下躺着一只睡觉的狗。)
- 句子以表地点或方向的副词短语开头,且谓语动词为不及物动词:
2. 强调句 (Emphatic Sentences)
- 强调句的结构是固定的,但被强调的部分可以是句子的任何成分,包括主语、宾语、状语等:
- It was in New York that she first met her future husband.(就是在纽约,她第一次遇见了她未来的丈夫。)
- 注意,被强调的成分需放在“it is/was”和“that/who”之间。
3. 虚拟语气句 (Conditional Sentences - Unreal Conditions)
- 虚拟语气用于描述非真实的情况或假设,分为三种类型(第一、二、三条件句),其中第二、三条件句最能体现“虚拟”性质:
- 第二条件句(即“非真实条件句”)结构为“if + 过去时,would/could/might + 动词原形”:
- If I knew her number, I would call her.(如果我知道她的号码,我会给她打电话。)
- 第三条件句(即“过去非真实条件句”)结构为“if + 过去完成时,would/could/might have + 过去分词”:
- If he had studied harder, he might have passed the exam.(如果他学习更努力,他或许就能通过考试了。)
- 第二条件句(即“非真实条件句”)结构为“if + 过去时,would/could/might + 动词原形”:
4. 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentences)
- 感叹句有两种基本结构:
- What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语! 或 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词/复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
- What a beautiful day it is!(多么美好的一天啊!)
- What wonderful news!(多棒的消息啊!)
- How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
- How fast he runs!(他跑得多快啊!)
- What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语! 或 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词/复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
1. 倒装句 (Inverted Sentences)
-
部分倒装:
- Not once did he mention his past achievements during the interview.(面试过程中,他一次也没有提及过去的成就。)
- Only after dark did we start our hike up the mountain.(直到天黑之后,我们才开始登山。)
-
全部倒装:
- On the table lay a pile of unopened letters.(桌子上放着一堆未拆的信件。)
- Such were the circumstances under which she made her decision.(就是在这样的情况下,她做出了决定。)
2. 强调句 (Emphatic Sentences)
- It was in the final hour of the exam that he solved the most difficult problem.(正是在考试的最后一小时,他解出了最难的题目。)
- It was her, and no one else, who suggested the brilliant idea.(是她,而不是其他人,提出了那个绝妙的主意。)
3. 虚拟语气句 (Conditional Sentences - Unreal Conditions)
- If I were taller, I could reach the top shelf easily.(如果我个子再高一点,就能轻松够到最上面那层架子了。)
- Had I known about the traffic jam, I would have left earlier.(如果我当时知道会有交通堵塞,我就会早点出发了。)
4. 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentences)
- What a fantastic performance they put on last night!(昨晚他们的表演太精彩了!)
- How quickly the time flies when you're having fun!(当你玩得开心时,时间过得真快啊!)
5. 省略句 (Elliptical Sentences)
- "Is John coming too?" "I don't think so."(“约翰也来吗?”“我想不会。”此处省略了回答中的谓语“is”。)
6. 分词短语句 (Participle Phrase Sentences)
- Having finished her homework, she relaxed with a good book.(做完作业后,她放松下来,读了一本好书。)
- Surrounded by nature, the cottage offered a peaceful retreat.(被大自然环绕的小屋提供了一个宁静的避风港。)
7. 存在句 (Existential Sentences)
- There remains one important issue to discuss.(还有一个重要问题需要讨论。)
- Here comes the train you've been waiting for.(你一直在等的火车来了。)
总结
英语中的特殊句型增添了语言的表达力和多样性,让交流更加生动和精确。总结如下几种关键句型及其特点:
-
倒装句通过改变主谓语顺序,常用于特定的句首词(如否定词、地点/时间副词),以增强语气或符合语法规定。
-
强调句利用特定结构(It is/was...that/who...)突出句子中的某一成分,使信息焦点清晰。
-
疑问句分为一般疑问、特殊疑问和选择疑问等形式,用于询问信息、具体细节或提供选项。
-
省略句在上下文清楚的情况下,省略句子中的某些部分,使语言简洁而不失流畅。
-
分词短语句利用现在分词或过去分词短语作状语,丰富句子结构,表达伴随或因果等关系。
-
虚拟语气句表达了非现实情况下的愿望、假设或推测,分为不同类型,规则独特。
-
感叹句以what或how引导,强烈表达说话者的情感,如惊叹、兴奋或不满等。
-
存在句(Existential Sentences)以there或here开头,直接指出某物的存在或某事的发生,简单直接。
1. 倒装句
题目: 将以下句子改写为部分倒装句。
- Original: Only a few people know the truth.
- Your Task: ________________________________
2. 强调句
题目: 使用强调句型重写句子,强调划线部分。
- Original: Last summer, I visited Paris, the city of love.
- Emphasized Part: Last summer
- Your Task: ________________________________
3. 疑问句
题目: 根据给定的信息,构造一个特殊疑问句。
- Information: The meeting starts at 9 o'clock in the morning.
- Your Task: ________________________________
4. 省略句
题目: 完成对话,使用适当的省略形式。
- A: Are you going to the party tonight?
- B: Yes, I am. _____________ (He is going too.)
5. 分词短语句
题目: 用现在分词短语补充句子,描述伴随的动作。
- Walking along the beach, ___________________________ (她收集了许多贝壳。)
6. 虚拟语气句
题目: 完成句子,使用第二条件句。
- If I had more time, ________________________________ (我会学一门外语。)
7. 感叹句
题目: 根据情境,写出一个合适的感叹句。
- Situation: 观看了一场精彩的烟花表演。
- Your Task: ________________________________
8. 存在句
题目: 改写句子,使用存在句型。
- Original: At the back of the garden, a small pond can be found.
- Your Task: ________________________________
当然,继续为您提供更多关于英语特殊句型的练习题,以加深理解和应用能力:
9. 倒装句(完全倒装)
题目: 将下列句子转换为完全倒装句。
- Original: The moon rises above the hill.
- Your Task: ________________________________
10. 强调句(强调宾语)
题目: 用强调句型强调下面句子中的宾语。
- Original: She always carries an umbrella with her.
- Your Task: ________________________________
11. 疑问句(反意疑问句)
题目: 根据陈述句构造一个反意疑问句。
- Statement: You haven't visited New York before, ______________?
- Your Task: ________________________________
12. 省略句(在对话中)
题目: 完成对话,使用适当的省略形式。
- A: Did you finish your homework?
- B: Yes, I did. ______________ (He hasn't finished his yet.)
13. 分词短语句(过去分词短语)
题目: 用过去分词短语补充句子,表明被动或完成的状态。
- Having been warned about the storm, __________________________ (居民们提前做好了准备。)
- Your Task: ________________________________
14. 虚拟语气句(第三条件句)
题目: 完成句子,使用第三条件句描述过去的假设。
- If she had studied harder, ________________________________ (她可能已经通过了考试。)
- Your Task: ________________________________
15. 感叹句(关于数量)
题目: 根据情境,写出一个关于数量的感叹句。
- Situation: 看到满天的星星。
- Your Task: ________________________________
16. 存在句(强调位置)
题目: 改写句子,使用存在句型强调地点。
- Original: At the heart of the city, a historic monument stands tall.
- Your Task: ________________________________
参考答案
- Only do a few people know the truth.
- It was last summer that I visited Paris, the city of love.
- When does the meeting start in the morning?
- So is he.
- she collected many shells.
- I would learn a foreign language.
- What a fantastic fireworks display that was!
- There is a small pond at the back of the garden.
- Above the hill rises the moon.
- It is an umbrella that she always carries with her.
- have you?
- Hasn't he?
- the residents prepared in advance.
- she might have passed the exam.
- What a countless number of stars in the sky!
- There stands a historic monument at the heart of the city.