英语复合句是由一个主句(main clause)和一个或多个从句(subordinate clause)组成的句子。从句不能独立成句,它依赖于主句来表达完整的意思。复合句中的从句根据其功能分为三大类:名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)。下面是一些复合句的例子及解释:
名词性从句
名词性从句在句中充当名词的功能,如主语、宾语、表语或同位语。常见的引导词有that, if/whether, who, whom, whose, which, what等。
- 主语从句:That she won the prize surprised everyone.(她获奖让大家感到惊讶。)
- 宾语从句:I believe (that) she will come.(我相信她会来。)
- 表语从句:My wish is that I could travel the world.(我的愿望是我能周游世界。)
- 同位语从句:The news that he had resigned shocked us all.(他辞职的消息让我们所有人都震惊了。)
形容词性从句(定语从句)
形容词性从句修饰名词或代词,通常由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(where, when, why)引导。
- 限定性定语从句:The book that you gave me is fascinating.(你给我的那本书很吸引人。)
- 非限定性定语从句:My sister, who lives in Paris, is an artist.(我的姐姐,住在巴黎的那位,是一位艺术家。)
副词性从句(状语从句)
副词性从句用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,根据其意义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式等。
- 时间状语从句:When it rains, I like to read books.(下雨的时候,我喜欢看书。)
- 原因状语从句:Since you are here, let’s have a chat.(既然你来了,我们聊聊天吧。)
- 条件状语从句:If you study hard, you will succeed.(如果你努力学习,你会成功的。)
- 让步状语从句:Although it was raining, they continued playing soccer.(尽管下雨,他们仍继续踢足球。)
复合句的使用使得语言表达更为丰富和精确,能够更细腻地传达思想和情感。
名词性从句(例句)
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主语从句:
- That he finished the marathon in record time amazed everyone.(他以创纪录的时间完成了马拉松,这让每个人都感到惊讶。)
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宾语从句:
- I wonder if she will accept the job offer.(我想知道她是否会接受这份工作邀请。)
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表语从句:
- My biggest fear is that I might fail.(我最大的恐惧是我可能会失败。)
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同位语从句:
- The rumor, which spread quickly, turned out to be false.(那个迅速传播的谣言,结果是假的。)
形容词性从句(定语从句)(例句)
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限定性定语从句:
- The book that I borrowed from the library is due next week.(我从图书馆借的那本书下周到期。)
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非限定性定语从句:
- My brother, who is a musician, is going on tour next month.(我的哥哥,他是个音乐家,下个月要去巡演。)
副词性从句(状语从句)(例句)
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时间状语从句:
- After I finish my homework, I plan to relax.(完成作业后,我打算放松一下。)
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原因状语从句:
- Because she was tired, she decided to take a nap.(因为她累了,她决定小睡一会儿。)
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条件状语从句:
- If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay inside.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
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地点状语从句:
- You can find me wherever I am.(无论我在哪里,你都能找到我。)
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目的状语从句:
- She studies hard so that she can get into a good university.(她努力学习以便能进入一所好大学。)
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结果状语从句:
- He worked so hard that he got promoted.(他工作非常努力,因此得到了晋升。)
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让步状语从句:
- Although he is young, he knows a lot about technology.(尽管他年轻,但他对科技了解很多。)