在英语语法中,主语补语(Subject Complement)是用来补充说明主语的身份、特征、状态或性质的成分,它通常跟在系动词(Linking Verb)之后。系动词包括be动词(如am, is, are, was, were等)、感官动词(如look, sound, smell, taste, feel等)以及某些其他动词如become, seem, appear, grow, turn等。主语补语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式或从句。
以下是一些主语补语的例子:
- 名词作主语补语:
- She is a teacher.(“a teacher”是主语补语,说明主语的身份)
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- My job is a software engineer.(名词短语“a software engineer”作为主语补语,说明主语“job”的具体内容)
- 形容词作主语补语:
- The cake tastes delicious.(“delicious”是主语补语,描述主语的状态或性质)
- The weather feels chilly today.(形容词“chilly”作为主语补语,描述主语“Weather”的状态)
- 介词短语作主语补语:
- They are in the park.(“in the park”是主语补语,表明位置)
- The painting remains on the wall.(介词短语“on the wall”作为主语补语,指出主语“painting”的位置)
- 不定式作主语补语:
- His goal is to finish the marathon.(“to finish the marathon”是主语补语,表示目的或目标)
- Their goal is to travel the world.(不定式短语“to travel the world”作为主语补语,说明主语“goal”的内容)
- 现在分词短语作主语补语:
- The book is lying open on the desk.(“lying open”是主语补语,描述主语的状态)
- The city looks beautifully lit up at night.(现在分词短语“beautifully lit up”作为主语补语,描绘主语“city”的外观)
- 过去分词短语作主语补语:
- The movie is well-received by critics.(“well-received”是主语补语,表示被动接受的状态)
- The book is widely read by students.(过去分词短语“widely read”作为主语补语,说明主语“book”的状态)
- 从句作主语补语:
- The problem is that they don't have enough time.(“that they don't have enough time”是从句作主语补语,解释问题的内容)
- The fact is that she never gave up.(名词性从句“that she never gave up”作为主语补语,提供主语“fact”的具体内容)