时态 (Tense)
时态用于表示动作或状态发生的时间。在英语中,常见的时态包括:
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一般现在时 (Simple Present) :表示习惯性、常规性或客观真理。
- 例句:She works at a bank.
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一般过去时 (Simple Past) v-ed:表示在过去某个确定的时间发生的动作或状态。
- 例句:He finished his homework yesterday.
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**一般将来时 (Simple Future)**will do :表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或状态。
- 例句:They will go to the beach next weekend.
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进行时/进行时 (Present Continuous/Progressive) ** be doing**:表示现在正在进行的动作。
- 例句:She **is reading **a book.
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过去进行时 (Past Continuous/Progressive) was/were doing :表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
- 例句:I was studying when she called.
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将来进行时 (Future Continuous/Progressive) will be doing:表示将来某个时间会持续进行的动作。
- 例句:At 8 PM tomorrow, they will be having dinner.
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完成时 (Present Perfect) have/has done :表示过去某个时间开始并一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
- 例句:She has lived in London for five years.
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过去完成时 (Past Perfect) :had done表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
- 例句:He had already eaten when I arrived.
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将来完成时 (Future Perfect) :will have done表示将来某个时间之前将会完成的动作或状态。
- 例句:By next year, she will have graduated.
语态 (Voice)
语态描述动作的执行者和受事者之间的关系。在英语中,主要有两种语态:
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主动语态 (Active Voice) :动作的执行者是主语。
- 例句:She wrote the letter.
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被动语态 (Passive Voice) :动作的受事者(或对象)成为主语,而动作的执行者通常由介词“by”引出或省略。
- 例句:The letter was written by her.