elasticsearch基本操作

蓝色记忆
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文章elasticsearch版本7.13.1

es和mysql的一些概念区分：

索引操作

创建索引

# 创建user索引库
PUT /user
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "info": {
        "type": "text", //text代表需要分词
        "analyzer": "ik_smart" //使用IK分词器
      },
      "email": {
        "type": "keyword", //keyword不需要分词
        "index": false     //false代表不需要参与搜索，不写默认true
      },
      "name": {
        "type": "object", //对象类型
        "properties": {
          "firstName": {
            "type": "keyword"
          },
          "lastWord": {
            "type": "keyword"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

上面执行结果：

{
  "acknowledged" : true,
  "shards_acknowledged" : true,
  "index" : "user"
}

user对应的json数据样例是【json数据就是文档】：

{
    "info": "我是程序员",
    "email": "123@qq.com",
    "name": {
        "firstName": "三",
        "lastName": "张"
    }
}

查询索引

# 查询索引
GET /user

结果：

{
  "user" : {
    "aliases" : { },
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "email" : {
          "type" : "keyword",
          "index" : false
        },
        "info" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "analyzer" : "ik_smart"
        },
        "name" : {
          "properties" : {
            "firstName" : {
              "type" : "keyword"
            },
            "lastWord" : {
              "type" : "keyword"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "routing" : {
          "allocation" : {
            "include" : {
              "_tier_preference" : "data_content"
            }
          }
        },
        "number_of_shards" : "1",
        "provided_name" : "user",
        "creation_date" : "1716640645630",
        "number_of_replicas" : "1",
        "uuid" : "xXpEEgf2TWuqGfXfPAH9gA",
        "version" : {
          "created" : "7130199"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

修改索引

es索引创建之后就不能修改，只能新增字段

# 修改索引，添加字段
PUT /user/_mapping
{
  "properties":{
    "age":{
      "type":"integer"
    }
  }
}

执行结果：

{
  "acknowledged" : true
}

通过GET /user 查询索引看看结果[一部分数据]：

{
  "user" : {
    "aliases" : { },
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "age" : {
          "type" : "integer"
        },
        "email" : {
          "type" : "keyword",
          "index" : false
        }......

删除索引

#删除索引
DELETE /user

执行结果：

{
  "acknowledged" : true
}

然后通过GET /user 查询已经404了：

{
  "error" : {
    "root_cause" : [
      {
        "type" : "index_not_found_exception",
        "reason" : "no such index [user]",
        "resource.type" : "index_or_alias",
        "resource.id" : "user",
        "index_uuid" : "_na_",
        "index" : "user"
      }
    ],
    "type" : "index_not_found_exception",
    "reason" : "no such index [user]",
    "resource.type" : "index_or_alias",
    "resource.id" : "user",
    "index_uuid" : "_na_",
    "index" : "user"
  },
  "status" : 404
}

文档操作

新增文档

# 新增文档：1代表文档id
POST /user/_doc/1
{
  "info":"我是写PHP的程序员",
  "email":"123@qq.com",
  "name":{
    "firstName":"云",
    "lastName":"赵"
  }
}

执行结果：

{
  "_index" : "user",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 0,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

查询文档

#查询文档
GET /user/_doc/1

结果：

{
  "_index" : "user",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_seq_no" : 0,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "info" : "我是写PHP的程序员",
    "email" : "123@qq.com",
    "name" : {
      "firstName" : "云",
      "lastName" : "赵"
    }
  }
}

全量修改文档

# 全量修改文档，id为1存在
PUT /user/_doc/1
{
  "info":"我是写PHP的程序员",
  "email":"zhaoyun@qq.com",
  "name":{
    "firstName":"云",
    "lastName":"赵"
  }
}

执行结果：

{
  "_index" : "user",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 2,
  "result" : "updated", //修改
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

如果文档id存在就全量修改，如果不存在就新增

# 全量修改文档，id为10不存在
PUT /user/_doc/10
{
  "info":"我是写PHP的程序员",
  "email":"zhaoyun@qq.com",
  "name":{
    "firstName":"云",
    "lastName":"赵"
  }
}

结果：

{
  "_index" : "user",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "10",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created", //新增
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 2,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

局部修改文档

# 局部修改文档，只修改email字段
POST /user/_update/1
{
  "doc": {
    "email":"ZhaoYun@qq.com"
  }
}

删除文档

DELETE /user/_doc/1

查询所有文档

#查询所有
GET /hotel/_search

分词

提供了两个分词算法：

ik_max_word:最细粒度划分 

POST /_analyze
{
  "text": "程序员学习Java太棒了,白嫖",
  "analyzer":"ik_max_word"
}

结果：

{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "程序员",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 3,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "程序",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 2,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "员",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 3,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "学习",
      "start_offset" : 3,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "java",
      "start_offset" : 5,
      "end_offset" : 9,
      "type" : "ENGLISH",
      "position" : 4
    },
    {
      "token" : "太棒了",
      "start_offset" : 9,
      "end_offset" : 12,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 5
    },
    {
      "token" : "太棒",
      "start_offset" : 9,
      "end_offset" : 11,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 6
    },
    {
      "token" : "了",
      "start_offset" : 11,
      "end_offset" : 12,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 7
    }
  ]
}

ik_smart：最少切分 

POST /_analyze
{
  "text": "程序员学习Java太棒了",
  "analyzer":"ik_smart"
}

结果：

{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "程序员",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 3,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "学习",
      "start_offset" : 3,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "java",
      "start_offset" : 5,
      "end_offset" : 9,
      "type" : "ENGLISH",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "太棒了",
      "start_offset" : 9,
      "end_offset" : 12,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 3
    }
  ]
}
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