java的动态绑定机制(非常非常重要)
1.当调用对象方法的时候,该方法会和该对象的内存地址/运行类型绑定。 2.当调用对象属性时,没有动态绑定机制,哪里声明,哪里使用。
package com.hspedu.extend;
public class PolyExercise {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//编译类型是A,运行类型是B
A a = new B();//向上转型
System.out.println(a.sum());//先去运行类型B,也就是去子类
System.out.println(a.sum1());//先去运行类型B,也就是去子类
}
}
//父类
class A{
public int i = 10;
//动态绑定机制
public int sum(){
//这里getI()调用的是子类的getI()
return getI() + 10;//20+10,当调用对象方法的时候,该方法会和该对象的内存地址/运行类型绑定
}
//这里i调用的就是父类的i
public int sum1(){
return i + 10;//10+10,当调用对象属性时,没有动态绑定机制,哪里声明,哪里使用
}
public int getI(){//父类
return i;
}
}
//子类
class B extends A {
public int i = 20;
//如果把这注销了
// public int sum(){
// return i +20;//40
// }
public int getI(){//子类
return i;//当上面的sum()调用这里的对象属性i时,没有动态绑定机制,哪里声明,哪里使用,这里返回的就是20
}
//如果把这注销了
// public int sum1(){
// return i + 10;//30
// }
}
运行结果
多态数组
数组的定义类型为父类类型,里面保存的实际元素类型为子类类型。
应用实例:现有一个继承结构如下:要求创建1个Person,Teacher对象,统一放在数组中,并调用每个对象 say方法。
应用实例升级:如何调用子类特有的方法,比如Teacher有一一个teach,Student有一个study,怎么调用?
两个很重要又总是记不住的点:
instanceOf比较操作符,用于判断对象的运行类型是否为XX类型或XX类型的子类型;
向下转型:子类类型 引用名 = (子类类型) 父类引用
package com.hspedu.extend.PolyArray;
public class PolyArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person[] persons = new Person[5];//数组初始化
//统一放一个数组中,依次赋值
persons[0] = new Person("hjh",12);
persons[1] = new Student("ujyg",12,90.5);
persons[2] = new Student("uyg",12,89.4);
persons[3] = new Teacher("iuh",12,6786);
persons[4] = new Teacher("o9u",12,6757);
for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
//动态绑定机制
//persons[i] 编译类型是Person,运行类型根据实际情况有JVM来判断
System.out.println(persons[i].say());
//instanceof比较符,用于判断persons[i]的运行类型是否为Student
if(persons[i] instanceof Student){
//向下转型:子类类型 引用名 = (子类类型) 父类引用
Student student = (Student) persons[i];
student.study();
}else if(persons[i] instanceof Teacher){
Teacher teacher = (Teacher) persons[i];
teacher.teach();
}else if(persons[i] instanceof Person){
//不做处理
}else {
System.out.println("你的类型有误");
}
}
}
}
父类子类分别如下:
package com.hspedu.extend.PolyArray;
//父类
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String say(){
return "" + name + " " + age;
}
}
package com.hspedu.extend.PolyArray;
public class Student extends Person{
private double score;
public Student(String name, int age, double score) {
super(name, age);
this.score = score;
}
public double getScore() {
return score;
}
public void setScore(double score) {
this.score = score;
}
//重写父类say()
@Override
public String say() {
return super.say() + '\t' +"score=" + score;
}
public void study(){
System.out.println("学生" + getName() + "在学习");
}
}
package com.hspedu.extend.PolyArray;
public class Teacher extends Person{
private double salary;
public Teacher(String name, int age, double salary) {
super(name, age);
this.salary = salary;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
@Override
public String say() {
return super.say() + '\t' + "salary=" + salary;
}
public void teach(){
System.out.println("老师" + getName() + "在上课");
}
}
多态参数
应用实例;定义员工类Employee,包含姓名和月工资[private],以及计算年工资getAnnual 的方法。普通员工和经理继承了员工,经理类多了奖金bonus属性和管理manage方 法,普通员工类多了work方法,普通员工和经理类要求分别重写getAnnual方法。
测试类中添加一个方法showEmpAnnual(Employee e),实现获取任何员工对象的 年工资,并在main方法中调用该方法[e.getAnnual()]
测试类中添加一个方法,testWork,如果是普通员工,则调用work方法,如果是经 理,则调用manage方法
package com.hspedu.extend.PolyParameter;
public class EmployTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PutongEmployee p = new PutongEmployee("p", 8690);
manager m = new manager("fk", 5768, 56875);
EmployTest employTest = new EmployTest();//这里创建实例化对象创建的是本类啊我是不是脑阔疼
employTest.showEmpAnnual(p);
employTest.showEmpAnnual(m);
employTest.testWork(p);
employTest.testWork(m);
}
//showEmpAnnual(Employee e)
//实现获取任何员工对象的年工资,并在main方法中调用该方法
public void showEmpAnnual(Employee e) {
System.out.println(e.getAnnual());
}
public void testWork(Employee e){
if(e instanceof PutongEmployee){
((PutongEmployee) e).work();
// PutongEmployee putongEmployee = (PutongEmployee) e;
// putongEmployee.work();
}else if(e instanceof manager){
((manager) e).manage();
// manager manage = (manager) e;
// manage.manage();
}else{
System.out.println("不做处理");
}
}
}
父类子类分别如下:
package com.hspedu.extend.PolyParameter;
//父类
public class Employee {
private String name;
private double salary;//月工资
public Employee(String name, double salary) {
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
}
public double getAnnual() {
return 12 * salary;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
}
package com.hspedu.extend.PolyParameter;
public class PutongEmployee extends Employee {
public PutongEmployee(String name, double salary) {
super(name, salary);
}
public void work(){
System.out.println("普通员工" + getName() + '\t' + "is working");
}
@Override
public double getAnnual() {
return super.getAnnual();
}
}
package com.hspedu.extend.PolyParameter;
public class manager extends Employee{
private double bonus;
public manager(String name, double salary, double bonus) {
super(name, salary);
this.bonus = bonus;
}
public double getBonus() {
return bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double bonus) {
this.bonus = bonus;
}
public void manage(){
System.out.println("经理" + getName() + '\t' + "is managing");
}
@Override
public double getAnnual() {
return super.getAnnual() + bonus;
}
}
Object类详解
Object类
equals方法:只能判断引用类型
== 是一个比较运算符。 == :既可以判断基本类型,又可以判断引用类型。
练习题:判断两个Person对象的内容是否相等,如果俩属性值都一样,则返回true,反之返回false
package com.hspedu.extend.improve.equals;
//判断两个Person对象的内容是否相等,如果俩属性值都一样,则返回true
public class equalsExercise {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person1 = new Person("uguy",13,'男');
Person person2 = new Person("uguy",13,'男');
System.out.println(person1.equals(person2));//没重写之前是fale,因为这俩不是同一个对象
}
}
class Person{
private String name;
private int age;
private char gender;
//重写Object的equals方法
public boolean equals(Object obj){
if(this == obj){//如果比较的俩对象是同一个,直接返回true
return true;
}
//如果对象是一个Person
if(obj instanceof Person){
//进行向下转型,因为需要得到obj的各个属性
Person p = (Person) obj;
return this.name.equals(p.name)&&this.age == p.age&&this.gender == p.gender;
}
//如果不是Person,则直接false
return false;
}
public Person(String name, int age, char gender) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.gender = gender;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public char getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(char gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
}
就到这了先啦啦啦。