前言
在日常生活中,通过发送邮箱验证码来实现用户注册、密码重置和账户验证等功能在许多现代应用程序中非常常见,这里采用hutool工具包封装的一些类实现发送邮箱验证码的功能。
准备工作
开启POP3/SMTP服务并获取授权码,具体操作很简单,这里就不演示了
代码实现
引入依赖
<!--hutool工具包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.8.11</version>
</dependency>
<!--html解析-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--邮件发送-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId>
<version>1.6.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--redis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
配置文件
为了便于修改配置信息,因此要将邮件的相关配置写到配置文件
application.yaml中
-
编写配置类
@Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "captcha.email") @Data public class EmailProperties { /** * 邮箱地址(注意:如果使用foxmail邮箱,此处user为qq号) */ private String user; /** * 发件人昵称(必须正确,否则发送失败) */ private String from; /** * 邮件服务器的SMTP地址 */ private String host; /** * 邮件服务器的SMTP端口 */ private Integer port; /** * 密码(授权码) */ private String password; /** * 验证码过期时间 */ private Integer expireTime; } -
编写相关配置信息到
application.yaml文件captcha: email: from: 詩筠<XXXXX@qq.com> password: dkhfsiudhfsd # 这里我随便填的 host: smtp.qq.com port: 465 user: XXXXX@qq.com expire-time: 300 # 300秒
编写相关工具类
验证码工具类VerifyCodeUtil:
/**
* 验证码工具类
* @author shijun
* @date 2024/05/10
*/
public class VerifyCodeUtil {
//邮箱正则表达式
private static final Pattern EMAIL_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("^\\w+((-\\w+)|(\\.\\w+))*\\@[A-Za-z0-9]+((\\.|-)[A-Za-z0-9]+)*\\.[A-Za-z0-9]+$");
//验证码的字符集
private static final String CODES = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
//验证码的长度,可以根据需求进行修改
private static final int CODE_LENGTH = 6;
/**
* 生成验证码
*
* @return {@link String }
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode() {
Random random = new Random();
StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(CODE_LENGTH);
for (int i = 0; i < CODE_LENGTH; i++) {
verifyCode.append(CODES.charAt(random.nextInt(CODES.length())));
}
return verifyCode.toString();
}
/**
* 检测邮箱是否合法
*
* @param email 用户名
* @return 合法状态
*/
public static boolean checkEmail(String email) {
// 检查输入是否为空或null
if (email == null || email.isEmpty()) {
return false;
}
// 使用正则表达式进行匹配
Matcher m = EMAIL_PATTERN.matcher(email);
return m.matches();
}
}
Redis工具类RedisUtils:
@Component
@AllArgsConstructor
public class RedisUtils {
private RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate;
/**
* 普通获取键对应值
*
* @param key 键
* @return 值
*/
public Object get(String key) {
return key == null ? null : redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
}
/**
* 普通设置键值
*
* @param key 键
* @param value 值
* @return true成功 false失败
*/
public boolean set(String key, Object value) {
try {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
/**
* 普通设置键值并设置过期时间
*
* @param key 键
* @param value 值
* @param time 时间(秒) time要大于0 如果time小于等于0 将设置无限期
* @return true成功 false 失败
*/
public boolean set(String key, Object value, long time) {
try {
if (time > 0) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} else {
set(key, value);
}
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
/**
* 删除缓存
*
* @param key 键
* @return 是否成功
*/
public boolean del(String key) {
return redisTemplate.delete(key);
}
/**
* 指定缓存的失效时间
*
* @param key 键值
* @param time 时间(秒)
*/
public boolean expire(String key, long time) {
try {
if (time > 0) {
redisTemplate.expire(key, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
实现验证码发送代码
-
设计邮箱验证码模板
为了改善用户体验,因此要设计一个好看的验证码界面
编写EmailVerificationCode.html文件,放到src/main/resources/templates目录下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>邮箱验证码</title>
<style>
table {
width: 700px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
#top {
width: 700px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
margin: 0 auto 30px;
}
#top table {
font: 12px Tahoma, Arial, 宋体;
height: 40px;
}
#content {
width: 680px;
padding: 0 10px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
#content_top {
line-height: 1.5;
font-size: 14px;
margin-bottom: 25px;
color: #4d4d4d;
}
#content_top strong {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
#content_top strong span {
color: #f60;
font-size: 16px;
}
#verificationCode {
color: #f60;
font-size: 24px;
}
#content_bottom {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
#content_bottom small {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 20px;
font-size: 12px;
color: #747474;
}
#bottom {
width: 700px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
#bottom div {
padding: 10px 10px 0;
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
color: #747474;
margin-bottom: 20px;
line-height: 1.3em;
font-size: 12px;
}
#content_top strong span {
font-size: 18px;
color: #FE4F70;
}
#sign {
text-align: right;
font-size: 18px;
color: #000000;
font-weight: bold;
}
#verificationCode {
height: 100px;
width: 680px;
text-align: center;
margin: 30px 0;
}
#verificationCode div {
height: 100px;
width: 680px;
}
.button {
color: #FE4F70;
margin-left: 10px;
height: 80px;
width: 80px;
resize: none;
font-size: 42px;
border: none;
outline: none;
padding: 10px 15px;
background: #ededed;
text-align: center;
border-radius: 17px;
box-shadow: 6px 6px 12px #cccccc,
-6px -6px 12px #ffffff;
}
.button:hover {
box-shadow: inset 6px 6px 4px #d1d1d1,
inset -6px -6px 4px #ffffff;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div id="top">
<table>
<tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="content_top">
<strong>尊敬的用户,您好!</strong>
<strong>
您正在进行<span>注册账号</span>操作,请在验证码中输入以下验证码完成操作:
</strong>
<div id="verificationCode">
<button class="button" th:each="a:${verifyCode}">[[${a}]]</button>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content_bottom">
<small>
注意:此操作可能会修改您的密码、登录邮箱或绑定手机。如非本人操作,请及时登录并修改密码以保证帐户安全
<br>(工作人员不会向你索取此验证码,请勿泄漏!)
</small>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bottom">
<div>
<p>此为系统邮件,请勿回复<br>
请保管好您的邮箱,避免账号被他人盗用
</p>
<p id="sign">——詩筠</p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
-
编写
Controller层代码/** * 验证码接口 * * @author shijun * @date 2024/05/10 */ @RestController @Tag(name = "验证码接口") @RequestMapping("/captcha") @RequiredArgsConstructor public class CaptchaController { private final CaptchaService captchaService; private final TemplateEngine templateEngine; @Operation(summary = "发送邮箱验证码") @Parameter(name = "email",description = "要发送的邮箱") @GetMapping("/email-captcha") public Result<String> sendEmailCaptcha(String email) { captchaService.sendEmailCaptcha(email); return Result.success("发送成功"); } } -
编写
Service层代码public interface CaptchaService { /** * 发送验证码 * @param email 邮箱 */ void sendEmailCaptcha(String email); } -
编写
Service实现类这里涉及的
BusinessException类是一个自定义异常类,用来进行业务异常处理。可以参考这篇文章进行学习:Spring Boot3自定义异常及全局异常捕获_springboot是如何自定义异常并捕获的-CSDN博客
@Service @RequiredArgsConstructor public class CaptchaServiceImpl implements CaptchaService { public static final String CAPTCHA_CODE = "captcha-email-"; private final EmailProperties emailProperties; private final RedisUtils redisUtils; private final TemplateEngine templateEngine; /** * 发送邮件验证码 * @param email 邮箱 */ @Override public void sendEmailCaptcha(String email) { // 验证邮件配置是否完整 validateEmailProperties(); // 验证邮箱格式 if (!VerifyCodeUtil.checkEmail(email)) { throw new BusinessException(ResultEnum.EMAIL_FORMAT_ERROR); } // 生成或获取验证码 String captcha = getCaptcha(email); // 生成邮件内容 String content = generateEmailContent(captcha); // 发送邮件 List<String> list = Collections.singletonList(email); sendEmail(list, content); } /** * 判断邮件配置是否完整 */ private void validateEmailProperties() { if (emailProperties.getUser() == null || emailProperties.getPassword() == null || emailProperties.getFrom() == null || emailProperties.getHost() == null || emailProperties.getPort() == null) { throw new BusinessException(ResultEnum.EMAIL_VERIFICATION_CODE_CONFIGURATION_EXCEPTION); } } /** * 获取验证码 * * @param email 邮箱地址,用于生成和存储验证码。 * @return {@link String} 返回生成的验证码。 */ private String getCaptcha(String email) { // 根据邮箱生成Redis键名 String redisKey = CAPTCHA_CODE + email; // 尝试从Redis获取现有的验证码 Object oldCode = redisUtils.get(redisKey); if (oldCode == null) { // 如果验证码不存在,生成新的验证码 String captcha = VerifyCodeUtil.generateVerifyCode(); // 将新生成的验证码存储到Redis,并设置过期时间 boolean saveResult = redisUtils.set(redisKey, captcha, emailProperties.getExpireTime()); if (!saveResult) { // 如果存储失败,抛出异常 throw new RedisException(MessageConstant.REDIS_SERVICE_EXCEPTION_VERIFICATION_CODE_SAVE_FAILED); } return captcha; } else { // 如果验证码存在,重置其在Redis中的过期时间 boolean expireResult = redisUtils.expire(redisKey, emailProperties.getExpireTime()); if (!expireResult) { throw new RedisException(MessageConstant.RESET_VERIFICATION_CODE_FAILED); } return String.valueOf(oldCode); } } /** * 生成邮件内容 * @param captcha 验证码 * @return {@link String } 邮件内容 */ private String generateEmailContent(String captcha) { Context context = new Context(); context.setVariable("verifyCode", Arrays.asList(captcha.split(""))); return templateEngine.process("EmailVerificationCode.html", context); } /** * 发送邮件 * @param list * @param content 邮件内容 */ private void sendEmail(List<String> list, String content) { MailAccount account = createMailAccount(); try { Mail.create(account) .setTos(list.toArray(new String[0])) .setTitle(MessageConstant.EMAIL_VERIFICATION_CODE) .setContent(content) .setHtml(true) .setUseGlobalSession(false) .send(); } catch (Exception e) { // 捕获更广泛的异常 throw new BusinessException(ResultEnum.EMAIL_SENDING_EXCEPTION); } } /** * 创建邮件账户 * @return {@link MailAccount } 邮件账户 */ private MailAccount createMailAccount() { MailAccount account = new MailAccount(); account.setAuth(true); account.setHost(emailProperties.getHost()); account.setPort(emailProperties.getPort()); account.setFrom(emailProperties.getFrom()); account.setUser(emailProperties.getUser()); account.setPass(emailProperties.getPassword()); account.setSslEnable(true); account.setStarttlsEnable(true); return account; } }
测试
参考文章
手把手教你通过SpringBoot实现邮箱注册码验证_springboot+vue简单实现邮箱注册-CSDN博客