一、HttpClient的基本信息:
1.定义:介绍 HttpClient 是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目,可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。
简单的说:
-
核心API:• HttpClient • HttpClients • CloseableHttpClient • HttpGet • HttpPost
-
发送请求步骤: 1.创建HttpClient对象
2.创建Http请求对象
3.调用HttpClient的execute方法发送请求
二、使用步骤:
1.引入依赖:
<dependency>
2 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
3 <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
4 <version>4.5.13</version>
5</dependency>
2.编码规范:
- 创建httpclient对象
- 创建请求对象
- 发送请求,接受响应结果
- 获取服务端返回的状态码
- 关闭资源
3.案例:
//@SpringBootTest //声明是一个Spring Test
public class HttpClientTest {
/**
* 测试通过httpclient发送GET方式的请求
*/
@Test
public void testGET() throws Exception {
//创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建请求对象
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status");
//发送请求,接受响应结果
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
//获取服务端返回的状态码
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("服务端返回的状态码为:" + statusCode);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
System.out.println("服务端返回的数据为:" + body);
//关闭资源
response.close();
httpClient.close();
}
/**
* 测试通过httpclient发送POST方式的请求
*/
@Test
public void testPOST() throws Exception {
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/admin/employee/login");
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("username", "admin");
jsonObject.put("password", "123456");
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());
//指定请求编码方式
entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
//数据格式
entity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
//发送请求
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
//解析返回结果
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("响应码为:" + statusCode);
HttpEntity entity1 = response.getEntity();
String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity1);
System.out.println("响应数据为:" + body);
//关闭资源
response.close();
httpClient.close();
}
}