python异常处理 try/except

1.使用方法

try:
    print("尝试执行代码")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"发生了错误: {e}")
else:
    print("没有发生错误")
finally:
    print("无论是否发生错误，都会执行这段代码")

2.捕获多种类型的异常

except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("除数不能为0")
except ValueError:
    print("无效的数值")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"发生了其他错误: {e}")

3.捕获异常后打印

（1）打印异常消息

try:
    # 可能引发异常的代码
    1 / 0
except Exception as e:
    print(f"发生异常: {e}")

（2）打印异常类型

try:
    1 / 0
except Exception as e:
    print(f"异常类型: {type(e).__name__}")

（3）打印标准错误（跟踪回溯）

import traceback

try:
    1 / 0
except Exception as e:
    print("异常发生了:")
    traceback.print_exc()

（4）打印文件名和行号

try:
    1 / 0
except Exception as e:
    import sys
    exc_type, exc_obj, exc_tb = sys.exc_info()
    fname = exc_tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename
    line_no = exc_tb.tb_lineno
    print(f"异常发生在文件 {fname} 的第 {line_no} 行")