elasticsearch之crud

九转成圣
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elasticsearch之crud

索引之crud

新增索引

PUT /book
{
  "mappings":{
    "properties":{
      "name":{"type": "keyword"},
      "info":{"type": "text"},
      "price":{"type": "integer"}
    }
  }
}

修改索引

索引不支持修改现有的,只支持新增

删除索引

DELETE /book

查询所有的索引

health status index                    uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green  open   .kibana_task_manager_1   J_Qp6cL1QGSpNNGSFadkiQ   1   0          2            0      6.6kb          6.6kb
yellow open   book                     Itynp5i7QhmFyMQrKnf9hg   1   1          0            0       230b           230b
green  open   .apm-agent-configuration ce48C5agSqCWP7M3ZP2bEg   1   0          0            0       283b           283b
green  open   .kibana_1                XOg9ADncRKOByv5GAdN2xw   1   0          3            0     15.5kb         15.5kb

文档的crud

新增与覆盖文档

post:带id不存在则新增,存在则覆盖(全量更新),不带id永远新增,且自动生成id

put:必须带id,否则报错,如果存在则覆盖,如果不存在则新增

post带着id不存在则新增

POST /book/_doc/2
{
  "name":"mysql",
  "info":"mysql是最好用的数据库",
  "price":66
}
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "2",
  "_version" : 4,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 14,
  "_primary_term" : 3
}

GET /book/_doc/2
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "2",
  "_version" : 4,
  "_seq_no" : 14,
  "_primary_term" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "mysql",
    "info" : "mysql是最好用的数据库",
    "price" : 66
  }
}

post带着id存在,则覆盖

POST /book/_doc/2
{
  "name":"mysql",
  "info":"mysql是最好用的数据库,而且还免费",
  "price":66
}
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "2",
  "_version" : 5,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 15,
  "_primary_term" : 3
}

GET /book/_doc/2
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "2",
  "_version" : 5,
  "_seq_no" : 15,
  "_primary_term" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "mysql",
    "info" : "mysql是最好用的数据库,而且还免费"
  }
}

post不带id则新增,且自动生成id

POST /book/_doc
{
  "name":"php",
  "info":"php是最好用的语言",
  "price":66
}
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "Zp2064sB7DFkWXEUKAII",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 3
}

put请求不带id报错,带着id没有就新增,有就覆盖

put不带id报错

PUT /book/_doc
{
  "name":"oracle",
  "info":"oracle是收费的数据库",
  "price":66
}
{
  "error" : "Incorrect HTTP method for uri [/book/_doc?pretty=true] and method [PUT], allowed: [POST]",
  "status" : 405
}

put带着id,不存在则新增

PUT /book/_doc/3
{
  "name":"oracle",
  "info":"oracle是收费的数据库",
  "price":66
}
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "3",
  "_version" : 6,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 11,
  "_primary_term" : 3
}

GET /book/_doc/3
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "3",
  "_version" : 6,
  "_seq_no" : 11,
  "_primary_term" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "oracle",
    "info" : "oracle是收费的数据库",
    "price" : 66
  }
}

put带着id存在则覆盖

PUT /book/_doc/3
{
  "name":"oracle",
  "info":"oracle是收费的数据库,所以小企业一般不用"
}
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "3",
  "_version" : 7,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 12,
  "_primary_term" : 3
}

GET /book/_doc/3
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "3",
  "_version" : 7,
  "_seq_no" : 12,
  "_primary_term" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "oracle",
    "info" : "oracle是收费的数据库,所以小企业一般不用"
  }
}

强制新增

理解

POST /book/_doc/5可能是新增操作,也可能会是覆盖操作,如果加上_create就明确告诉es,我要新增,如果存在就会报错

POST /book/_doc/5/_create
{
  "name":"kafka",
  "price":66
}

{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "5",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 18,
  "_primary_term" : 3
}

再次新增时报错

{
  "error" : {
    "root_cause" : [
      {
        "type" : "version_conflict_engine_exception",
        "reason" : "[5]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [1])",
        "index_uuid" : "Itynp5i7QhmFyMQrKnf9hg",
        "shard" : "0",
        "index" : "book"
      }
    ],
    "type" : "version_conflict_engine_exception",
    "reason" : "[5]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [1])",
    "index_uuid" : "Itynp5i7QhmFyMQrKnf9hg",
    "shard" : "0",
    "index" : "book"
  },
  "status" : 409
}

删除文档

DELETE /book/_doc/1

修改文档

语法：POST /{index}/type /{id}/_update

或者POST /{index}/_update/{id}

POST /book/_update/4
{
  "doc": {
     "info":"redis一个内存数据库,目前很流行"
  }
}
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "4",
  "_version" : 2,
  "result" : "noop",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 0,
    "successful" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 17,
  "_primary_term" : 3
}

GET /book/_doc/4
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "4",
  "_version" : 2,
  "_seq_no" : 17,
  "_primary_term" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "redis",
    "info" : "redis一个内存数据库,目前很流行",
    "price" : 100
  }
}

更新只支持post请求

PUT /book/_update/4
{
  "doc": {
     "price": 200
  }
}
{
  "error" : "Incorrect HTTP method for uri [/book/_update/4?pretty=true] and method [PUT], allowed: [POST]",
  "status" : 405
}

并发修改文档

PUT /person/_doc/2?if_seq_no=4&if_primary_term=1
{
  "name":"ls2"
}

如果_seq_no不等于4或者_primary_term不等于1就会报错

{
  "error" : {
    "root_cause" : [
      {
        "type" : "version_conflict_engine_exception",
        "reason" : "[2]: version conflict, required seqNo [4], primary term [1]. current document has seqNo [5] and primary term [1]",
        "index_uuid" : "7CucaVfVTi-V5OvzmuXHgA",
        "shard" : "0",
        "index" : "person"
      }
    ],
    "type" : "version_conflict_engine_exception",
    "reason" : "[2]: version conflict, required seqNo [4], primary term [1]. current document has seqNo [5] and primary term [1]",
    "index_uuid" : "7CucaVfVTi-V5OvzmuXHgA",
    "shard" : "0",
    "index" : "person"
  },
  "status" : 409
}

查询文档

  1. 根据id查找

    GET /book/_doc/2

    {
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "2",
  "_version" : 2,
  "_seq_no" : 5,
  "_primary_term" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "mysql",
    "info" : "mysql是最好用的数据库,而且还免费",
    "price" : 66
  }
}

  2. 定制返回字段

    GET /book/_doc/4?_source_includes=name,info
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "4",
  "_version" : 2,
  "_seq_no" : 17,
  "_primary_term" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "redis",
    "info" : "redis一个内存数据库,目前很流行"
  }
}

    GET /book/_doc/4?_source_excludes=price
{
  "_index" : "book",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "4",
  "_version" : 2,
  "_seq_no" : 17,
  "_primary_term" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "redis",
    "info" : "redis一个内存数据库,目前很流行"
  }
}

  3. 批量查询

    GET /_mget
{
  "docs":[
    {"_id":1,"_index":"person"},
    {"_id":2,"_index":"book"}
  ]
}

    {
  "docs" : [
    {
      "_index" : "person",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "1",
      "_version" : 2,
      "_seq_no" : 1,
      "_primary_term" : 1,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : {
        "name" : "张三",
        "age" : 18
      }
    },
    {
      "_index" : "book",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "2",
      "_version" : 5,
      "_seq_no" : 15,
      "_primary_term" : 3,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : {
        "name" : "mysql",
        "info" : "mysql是最好用的数据库,而且还免费"
      }
    }
  ]
}

  4. 同一索引下批量查询

    类似与数据库的in效果

    GET /book/_mget
{
  "docs":[
    {"_id":2},
    {"_id":4}
  ]
}

    {
  "docs" : [
    {
      "_index" : "book",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "2",
      "_version" : 5,
      "_seq_no" : 15,
      "_primary_term" : 3,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : {
        "name" : "mysql",
        "info" : "mysql是最好用的数据库,而且还免费"
      }
    },
    {
      "_index" : "book",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "4",
      "_version" : 2,
      "_seq_no" : 17,
      "_primary_term" : 3,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : {
        "name" : "redis",
        "info" : "redis一个内存数据库,目前很流行",
        "price" : 100
      }
    }
  ]
}

  5. 搜索写法

    GET /book/_search
{
  "query":{
    "ids":{
      "values":[2,4]
    }
  }
}

    {
  "took" : 2,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "mysql",
          "info" : "mysql是最好用的数据库,而且还免费"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "redis",
          "info" : "redis一个内存数据库,目前很流行",
          "price" : 100
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

  6. 批量操作 bulk

{ "action": { ...metadata... }}
{ "operation": { ...document... }}
{ "action": { ...metadata... }}
{ "operation": { ...document... }}
...
  • action： 描述操作的元数据，包括index（索引文档）、delete（删除文档）、update（更新文档）等。
  • operation： 包含具体的文档数据。

举例

POST /_bulk
{ "delete": { "_index": "test_index",  "_id": "5" }} 
{ "create": { "_index": "test_index",  "_id": "14" }}
{ "test_field": "test14" }
{ "update": { "_index": "test_index",  "_id": "2"} }
{ "doc" : {"test_field" : "bulk test"} }

{ "delete": { "_index": "test_index",  "_id": "5" }} 
 删除了test_index中id=5的文档

{ "create": { "_index": "test_index",  "_id": "14" }}
{ "test_field": "test14" }
往test_index里新增了一条数据

{ "update": { "_index": "test_index",  "_id": "2"} }
{ "doc" : {"test_field" : "bulk test"} }
更新test_index中id=2的数据

create：相当于强制创建 PUT /index/type/id/_create

update：执行的是局部更新partial update操作

每个操作互不影响。操作失败的行会返回其失败信息

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