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一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)

解释说明： 一般将来时用于表示将来某个时间会发生的动作、情况或事件。

相关例句：

1. I will visit my grandparents next weekend.
2. She is going to travel to Europe next summer.
3. They are hosting a party tomorrow evening.

注意事项：

• 一般将来时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week等。
• 助动词will和be going to常用于构成一般将来时，表示未来的动作、计划或打算。
• 一般将来时也可用于表示对现在的假设、推测或意图。

现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)

解释说明： 现在完成时表示过去某个时间开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，或者对过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响。

相关例句：

1. She has lived in Paris for five years.
2. We have already finished our homework.
3. He has just arrived at the airport.

注意事项：

• 现在完成时常与表示时间段的状语连用，如for, since, already, just等。
• 动词形式为have/has + 过去分词。
• 现在完成时通常与过去发生的动作或经历有关，但与当前情况或现在的结果有联系。

不定式的用法 (Uses of Infinitives)

解释说明： 不定式是动词的一种形式，常以to开头，用于表达目的、用途、原因、结果等。

相关例句：

1. She wants to learn how to play the piano.
2. He decided to go abroad for further study.
3. It's important to follow the rules.

注意事项：

• 不定式可用作名词、形容词或副词的用法，常用于复合结构中。
• 不定式常与动词一起使用，表示主动、被动、完成等不同的语态和时态。
• 不定式常与情态动词、感官动词、情感动词等连用，表示特定的意义和用法。

时间及条件状语从句 (Time and Conditional Adverbial Clauses)

解释说明： 时间状语从句用于表示时间，条件状语从句用于表示假设、条件或结果。

相关例句：

1. When she arrives, we will start the meeting.
2. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay indoors.
3. After he finishes his homework, he can go out to play.

注意事项：

• 时间状语从句常使用连词when, while, before, after等引导。
• 条件状语从句常使用连词if, unless, provided that等引导。
• 时间和条件状语从句与主句之间的动词时态、语态和语气要保持一致。

定语从句 (Adjective Clauses)

解释说明： 定语从句用于对名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明其身份、特征、性质等。

相关例句：

1. The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
2. She is the girl who won the first prize in the competition.
3. I like the dress which you are wearing today.

注意事项：

• 定语从句常使用关系代词或关系副词引导，如that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
• 关系代词在从句中可以作为主语、宾语或介词的宾语。
• 关系副词用于引导时间、地点或原因的定语从句。

主语从句 (Subject Clauses)

解释说明： 主语从句用于作为句子的主语，通常包含一个动词，起到说明句子主要内容的作用。

相关例句：

1. What he said is true.
2. Whether we should go camping depends on the weather.
3. That he passed the exam surprised everyone.

注意事项：

• 主语从句通常使用连接词what, whether, if, that等引导。
• 主语从句在句子中起到充当主语的作用，常出现在句首位置。
• 主语从句与主句之间的动词形式和语序要保持一致。

限制 VS 非限制定语从句 (Restrictive vs Non-Restrictive Adjective Clauses)

解释说明： 限制性定语从句对被修饰的名词进行了限制，非限制性定语从句则对名词进行了补充或解释。

相关例句：

1. The book that is on the table is mine. (限制性)
2. My brother, who lives in London, is coming to visit us. (非限制性)

注意事项：

• 限制性定语从句对句子的意义起到了必要的限制作用，因此

去掉会影响句子的意思。

• 非限制性定语从句对句子的意义起到了附加的说明作用，因此去掉不会影响句子的主要意思。

can may must表达推断或假设

解释说明： can, may, must等情态动词用于表示对现在或过去情况的推测、假设或可能性。

相关例句：

1. He can't be at home because his car is not in the driveway.
2. It may rain later, so you should take an umbrella.
3. She must have forgotten about the meeting, as she didn't attend.

注意事项：

• can表示较强的可能性，may表示较为不确定的推测，must表示非常肯定的推断。
• 情态动词后接动词原形，构成推断或假设的句子。
• 根据上下文和语境，选择合适的情态动词表达推断或假设。

表达建议请求的助动词

解释说明： 助动词用于表示建议、请求或命令的语气，常用于句子的开头或结尾。

相关例句：

1. Could you please pass me the salt?
2. Can you help me with this assignment?
3. Would you mind closing the door?

注意事项：

• 助动词could, can, would, will等常用于表达礼貌的请求或建议。
• 助动词后接动词原形，构成完整的句子。
• 根据礼貌程度和语气的要求，选择合适的助动词表达建议或请求。

常用的倒装句 (Common Types of Inversion)

解释说明： 倒装句是指将主语与谓语的位置颠倒的句子结构，常用于强调、条件、地点或部分句型中。

相关例句：

1. Here comes the bus.
2. Not only did he finish his homework, but he also helped his sister with hers.
3. Little did she know what was about to happen.

注意事项：

• 倒装句可以是完全倒装、部分倒装或否定词倒装。
• 完全倒装指主语与谓语完全颠倒，常用于表示地点、时间或方式的句型中。
• 部分倒装指助动词或连接词与主语之间的颠倒，用于表示强调、条件、让步等语气。
• 否定词倒装指将否定词放在句首，用于表示否定、强调或让步的语气。

虚拟语气的不同表达方式 (Different Forms of Subjunctive Mood)

解释说明： 虚拟语气用于表达假设、愿望、建议或推测的语气，常见于条件句、表达要求或建议的句子中。

相关例句：

1. If I were you, I would apologize to him.
2. I wish I could speak fluent French.
3. It's important that he be here on time.

注意事项：

• 虚拟语气常用于条件句、愿望句、建议句等语境中。
• 虚拟语气形式包括过去虚拟、与过去事实相反的虚拟和现在虚拟等形式。
• 根据句子的语气和语境，选择适当的虚拟语气形式进行表达。

高频词汇

1. ambiguous - 模棱两可的；含糊的

   • Eg: The ambiguous statement left everyone unsure of what to do next.

2. assimilates - 吸收相似

   • Eg: The new employee quickly assimilates into the company culture.

3. assure - 确保

   • Eg: The warranty assures customers that the product will be replaced if it malfunctions.

4. attempt - 尝试

   • Eg: Despite several attempts, she couldn't solve the puzzle.

5. ahead of - 在...之前

   • Eg: He finished the project ahead of schedule.

6. believe in - 相信

   • Eg: I believe in the power of positive thinking.

7. communities - 社区

   • Eg: The local community came together to support the homeless shelter.

8. conclude - 下结论

   • Eg: Based on the evidence, the jury concluded that the defendant was guilty.

9. consequence - 结果

   • Eg: Eating unhealthy food can have serious consequences for your health.

10. contrast - 对比

    • Eg: The bright colors of the flowers contrast with the green leaves.

11. courtesy - 礼貌的

    • Eg: He opened the door for her as a courtesy.

12. cultures - 文化

    • Eg: The city is known for its diverse cultures and traditions.

13. demand - 要求

    • Eg: The protesters demanded justice for the victims of the crime.

14. differ - 不同

    • Eg: Their opinions differ on how to solve the problem.

15. domestic - 国内的

    • Eg: Domestic flights are usually cheaper than international ones.

16. enriches - 充实

    • Eg: Reading books enriches the mind and expands knowledge.

17. ensure - 确保

    • Eg: Double-checking your work will ensure accuracy.

18. excursion - 远足

    • Eg: The school organized an excursion to the museum for the students.

19. foster - 培养

    • Eg: The mentor sought to foster a sense of creativity in his students.

20. hasty - 草率的

    • Eg: Making a hasty decision can lead to regrets later on.

21. immediate - 立即的

    • Eg: The immediate response to the emergency saved lives.

22. impolite - 无礼的

    • Eg: It's impolite to interrupt someone while they're speaking.

23. innocent - 无辜的

    • Eg: The suspect claimed to be innocent of the crime.

24. intense - 强烈的

    • Eg: The intense heat of the desert made it difficult to breathe.

25. intensive - 加强的

    • Eg: The company offers an intensive training program for new employees.

26. insist - 坚持

    • Eg: She insisted on finishing the project by herself.

27. manage - 管理

    • Eg: She was able to manage her time effectively to complete all her tasks.

28. material - 材料

    • Eg: The architect chose durable materials for the construction of the building.

29. meanwhile - 同时

    • Eg: She prepared dinner, meanwhile, he set the table.

30. polite - 有礼貌的

    • Eg: It's polite to say "please" and "thank you" when asking for something.

31. positive - 积极的

    • Eg: She has a positive attitude towards life and its challenges.

32. proportion - 比例

    • Eg: The proportion of men to women in the company is almost equal.

33. promptness - 及时

    • Eg: The promptness of his response impressed the client.

34. relationship - 关系

    • Eg: Building strong relationships is key to success in business.

35. resemblance - 相似

    • Eg: The resemblance between the twins is striking.

36. resent - 愤恨

    • Eg: She resented the fact that she was not given credit for her work.

37. responsible - 负责的

    • Eg: As team leader, he is responsible for delegating tasks.

38. rob - 抢劫

    • Eg: The thieves managed to rob the bank and escape without getting caught.

39. shift - 变换

    • Eg: There has been a shift in public opinion regarding the issue.

40. society - 社会

    • Eg: Society has become more diverse and interconnected in recent years.

41. social - 社交的

    • Eg: Being social and outgoing can help you make new friends.

42. stick to - 坚持

    • Eg: If you want to succeed, you must stick to your goals.

43. suggest - 建议

    • Eg: She suggested going for a walk to clear their minds.

44. trip - 旅行

    • Eg: They planned a road trip to explore the countryside.

45. unless - 除非

    • Eg: Unless you finish your homework, you can't go out to play.

46. vary - 变化

    • Eg: Prices may vary depending on the location and time of purchase.

47. warm - 温暖的

    • Eg: The warm sunshine felt comforting on a cold winter day.

48. weighty - 沉重的

    • Eg: The decision to move to a new city is a weighty one and requires careful consideration.

一些杂乱的单词 和 固定搭配

access 进入 means方法 approach 方法;途径

accuse sb of sth / charge … with …  控告某人某事 (of/with)

scold … for … / blame … for …  因某事责备某人

——

agree…with…   适合 /同意

agree…to…       答应某事

agree…on…      一致同意

agree about     对…一致

——

apply v.申请 适用 应用于

arrange v.安排

appointed 任命

approach 接近

loan n.贷款

——

attack v. 攻击

attraction  n.吸引

attempt v.尝试

attention n.注意力

——

  acquired 获得

finished 做完

concluded 总结

achieved 实现

——

adapt v. 适应 改编

fit 适合 符合

suit  适合 合身

adopt 采纳 采取

climate  气候 社会趋势

——

treat 对待

adjust 调整/调节

remedied 治疗/补救

——

1. 1. by + doing sth ; 动名词短语

   2. problem with 具体问题 与 problem of 广泛问题

   3. unless 除非 

   4. interfere 干预 interrupt 打断 accord with 与…一致

   5. separate … with 把…分开

   6. In contrast 相反 / To name just a few 列举几例 / To start with 首先

   7. discourages 使 气馁  |   prevents 阻止  prevent sb doing sth

   8. technique 技法 具体的技术 |  tendency 倾向 |  tactics 战术 兵法

   9. linguists 语言学家

   10. on one’s own 靠自己 | of one’s own  属于某人的东西 

   11. expect  后必须接动词不定式作其宾语;   expect 猜测 / 猜想 /希望

   12. amount of  用于不可数名词 与  number of  用于可数名词

   13. understand better than   对…非常理解

   14. in terms of 从…方面考虑   |    concerning 关于    |    as to   关于/至于    |     in the light of  鉴于

   15. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿…而不愿… 

   16. recovery 恢复 痊愈

• 现在完成时 

has/have + done

常与  just , already ,yet, ever, never, lately 副词连用

I haven’t seen you for ages;

It’s been a long time since we saw last;

He hasn’t cleaned his room for months;

• 状语从句

从句用来修饰主句中的动作或状态，提供了额外的信息，如时间、地点、原因、目的、条件、方式等。 状语从句通常由连词引导，比如"当...时候"、"如果"、"因为"、"尽管"等。它们与主句之间存在着因果、时间、条件等各种关系，进一步丰富了句子的表达和意义。状语从句的存在能够使句子更加复杂、完整，并增加语言表达的灵活性。

When I was young, I used to play in the park every day.（当我年轻的时候，我每天都在公园里玩。）

• 当否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，会导致句子部分倒装。by, no means, at no time, in no way, not in the least

By no means can we accept such behavior.

At no time did she show any signs of weakness.

In no way am I suggesting that you are wrong.