1.Docker安装
1.1卸载旧版本
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
1.2.安装所需的软件包
// yum-utils 提供了 yum-config-manager ，并且 device mapper 存储驱动程序需要 device-mapper-persistent-data 和 lvm
yum install -y yum-utils \
device-mapper-persistent-data \
lvm2
1.3.设置稳定的仓库。
阿里云
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http:**//**mirrors.aliyun.com**/**docker-ce**/**linux**/**centos**/**docker-ce.repo
1.4.安装 Docker Engine-Community
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
1.5Rocky linux 8 docker安装
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44077556/article/details/121409903
step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
Step 2: 添加软件源信息
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Step 3: 更新并安装Docker-CE
sudo yum makecache fast
sudo yum -y install docker-ce
Step 4: 开启Docker服务
sudo service docker start
Step 5: 安装校验
docker version
2.Docker常用命令
2.1基础命令
2.1.启动Docker
systemctl start docker
2.2.查看docker版本
doceker version
2.3配置镜像加速服务
因为国内访问dockerhub网络很慢，容易网络中断，所有需要配置国内镜像服务，这样加载docker镜像就会很快。
- 创建一个镜像服务配置文件daemon.json
mkdir -p /etc/docker
touch /etc/docker/daemon.json
- 向文件中写入镜像服务地址
{
"registry-mirrors" :
[
"https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
"https://noohub.ru",
"https://huecker.io",
"https://dockerhub.timeweb.cloud"
]
}
- 重启docker，让镜像地址生效
systemctl restart docker
2.4docker重启
service docker restart
2.5登录dockerHub
登录docker Hub商店，需要有docker Hub账号，登录之后可以是同推送命令将本地的镜像，推送到远程的docker Hub商店的仓库中
docker login
3.镜像操作
3.1搜索镜像
docker search 镜像名
例：
docker search nginx
3.2拉取镜像
docker pull 镜像名[:tag] （tag为版本号）
docker pull mysql:5.7
# 不带标签默认拉取最新的镜像
docker pull nginx
3.3查看本地镜像
docker images
3.4删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id
3.5将镜像保存为文件
docker save 镜像id 保存路径
docker save 29da4bac3907 -o /opt/mynginx.tar
3.6打标签镜像
使用docker tag命令打标签，将本地构建的镜像与仓库中的镜像进行关联。例如：
docker tag <image-name:tag> <username>/<repository>:<tag>
其中，image-name:tag为本地构建的镜像名及版本号，username为Docker Hub账户名，repository为仓库名，tag为自定义的标签。
docker tag mynginx:1.0 xuzilisam/nginx:1.0
3.6 推送镜像到远程仓库
docker push 仓库名
docker push xuzilisam/nginx:1.0
注意：在推送镜像前，需要确保已经成功登录Docker镜像仓库，并且已经打好了标签
3.7查看镜像详情
docker inspect 镜像id
4.容器操作
4.1创建新的容器并运行
docker run ：创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
语法
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
OPTIONS说明：
-a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项；
-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；
-i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
-P: 随机端口映射，容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口
-p: 指定端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
--name="nginx-lb": 为容器指定一个名称；
--dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致；
--dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致；
-h "mars": 指定容器的hostname；
-e username="ritchie": 设置环境变量；
--env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量；
--cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2": 绑定容器到指定CPU运行；
-m :设置容器使用内存最大值；
--net="bridge": 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型；
--link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器；
--expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口；
--volume , -v: 绑定一个卷
--restart: 是否自启动，默认不开启（no），开启（always）
启动一个nginx作为例子：
docker run -d \
--name nginx \
-p 80:80 \
-v /opt/nginx/logs:/var/logs/nginx \
-v /opt/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
-v /opt/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx \
nginx
- --name=nginx ，设置容器名称为nginx；
- -p 80:80，将主机的 80 端口映射到容器的 80 端口;
- -v /opt/nginx/logs:/var/logs/nginx，将主机的目录/opt/nginx/logs 挂载到容器的 /var/logs/nginx;
- -v /opt/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html，将主机的目录 /opt/nginx/html 挂载到容器的 /usr/share/nginx/html
- -v /opt/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx,将主机的目录 /opt/nginx/conf 挂载到容器的 /etc/nginx
- -d，后台运行容器
- nginx，设置运行的镜像
4.2查看运行中的容器
docker ps
4.3查看所有的容器
docker ps -a
4.4停止和启动docker运行的容器
停止容器
docker stop <容器 ID>
运行容器
docker start 容器id
4.5删除容器
docker rm 容器id
-f :通过 SIGKILL 信号强制删除一个运行中的容器。
-l :移除容器间的网络连接，而非容器本身。
-v :删除与容器关联的卷。
删除所有已经停止的容器：
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
4.6进入容器修改内容
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
-d :分离模式: 在后台运行
-i :即使没有附加也保持STDIN 打开
-t :分配一个伪终端
例子：进入nginx容器内部
docker exec -it 2ca50bda3521 /bin/bash
vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.htlm
nginx的首页就会发生对应变化
使用 exit 退出容器
4.7重启容器
docker restart 容器名称
docker restart gitlab
4.8拷贝文件 docker cp
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的地主机路径
将容器31374686c467的/home/test.java文件 拷贝到 主机的/home目录下
docker cp 31374686c467:/home/test.java /home
也可以反向将主机的文件拷贝到容器内部
docker cp a.txt c38cc0f8d006:/opt
4.9修改容器配置
docker update 容器id/name 配置项
修改容器为自启动
docker update 容器id/name --restart=always
4.10将当前容器打包成新的镜像
将当前容器打包成新的镜像
docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSIORY[:TAG]]
OPTIONS说明：
-a :提交的镜像作者；
-c :使用Dockerfile指令来创建镜像；
-m :提交时的说明文字；
-p :在commit时，将容器暂停。
将容器 保存为新的镜像,并添加提交人信息和说明信息。
docker commit -a "xuzili" -m "修改nginx首页" 34a90bf3802c mynginx:1.0
4.11 查看容器详情 inspect
docker inspect <container_name_or_id>
示例：
docker inspect nginx
输出内容：
[
{
"Id": "79f4a05a14fe7eaedd6315b6c557e089a062f58fa0408983d63bcb236ea2110d",
"Created": "2024-08-31T07:57:30.248876729Z",
"Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 179206,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2024-08-31T07:57:30.484935267Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:605c77e624ddb75e6110f997c58876baa13f8754486b461117934b24a9dc3a85",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/79f4a05a14fe7eaedd6315b6c557e089a062f58fa0408983d63bcb236ea2110d/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/79f4a05a14fe7eaedd6315b6c557e089a062f58fa0408983d63bcb236ea2110d/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/79f4a05a14fe7eaedd6315b6c557e089a062f58fa0408983d63bcb236ea2110d/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/79f4a05a14fe7eaedd6315b6c557e089a062f58fa0408983d63bcb236ea2110d/79f4a05a14fe7eaedd6315b6c557e089a062f58fa0408983d63bcb236ea2110d-json.log",
"Name": "/nginx",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": [
"/opt/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx",
"/opt/nginx/logs:/var/logs/nginx",
"/opt/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html"
],
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {
"80/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "",
"HostPort": "80"
}
]
},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"ConsoleSize": [
33,
61
],
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": [],
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware",
"/sys/devices/virtual/powercap"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8e8072f8a80bcb77d986eaa2e4ee8705f963ed34948f7c5e7f2a7c2d8ce3d5cf-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/aef7df7311b8f9f93d57092436fdb1d3919faca62ddedb71066f6762820babe4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4bd8b0e2835c069bafa2b7b575095de865062b2bb140f8606ebe3cbdfd071df5/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/16598ccf677e2ebfdcb588862bb1f41ab46ea49604261811141b98d5c38dc35e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ef15ffd18acbd39b705fb40cf494a862e050f35a136159ffd581c518feecc4f1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f3c58bb9652e41ed3c8826e995649e6272434d3a9cead2c328d449a02f4e47d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/67be6e177e88576eab625f3f776cb14bc079416cccfbac8fedf427c7290f66cf/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8e8072f8a80bcb77d986eaa2e4ee8705f963ed34948f7c5e7f2a7c2d8ce3d5cf/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8e8072f8a80bcb77d986eaa2e4ee8705f963ed34948f7c5e7f2a7c2d8ce3d5cf/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8e8072f8a80bcb77d986eaa2e4ee8705f963ed34948f7c5e7f2a7c2d8ce3d5cf/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/opt/nginx/conf",
"Destination": "/etc/nginx",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
},
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/opt/nginx/logs",
"Destination": "/var/logs/nginx",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
},
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/opt/nginx/html",
"Destination": "/usr/share/nginx/html",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "79f4a05a14fe",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.21.5",
"NJS_VERSION=0.7.1",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"Image": "nginx",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"/docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "df35ec540a87abbbbda60282b4657e2cf67d7777253fc9c1a9b8968836c3a77d",
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/df35ec540a87",
"Ports": {
"80/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
"HostPort": "80"
},
{
"HostIp": "::",
"HostPort": "80"
}
]
},
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "c014f5f76c00daef229d3baee52fc3958f9eeccd17044e8a132d7ad6af84bd4b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"NetworkID": "2f55e3e26022024bd9516948c3064b436e58afc5cc3433b6911390766214b924",
"EndpointID": "c014f5f76c00daef229d3baee52fc3958f9eeccd17044e8a132d7ad6af84bd4b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"DriverOpts": null,
"DNSNames": null
}
}
}
}
]
5将一个jar打包成镜像
5.1编写DockerFile
Dockerfile文件内容
# 指定构建新镜像的基础镜像,设置jar包的jdk依赖
FROM openjdk:8-jre
# 作者
LABEL authors="xuzili"
# 复制宿主机文件或目录到镜像内部指定位置
ADD target/*.jar /top.jar
# 指定容器启动时运行的默认命令
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar","top.jar"]
5.2打包镜像
docker build
. 表示当前目录 -f 参数指定Dockerfile文件 -t 表示 制作的镜像:tag
docker build -f DockerFile -t xuzilisam/test:1.0 .
5.3启动镜像
docker run --name testApp -p 8080:8089 -d xuzilisam/test
