面试素质三联?
-
ViewModel优点是啥? 答:保存数据 自动管理。 -
Fragment能拿Activity的ViewModel么? 答:能吧?。 = = ! -
ViewModel怎么管理的? 答:母鸡。 -
ViewModel怎么创建的? 答:母鸡啊结果
回去等消息吧,面试官顺手评价 一个深度不够,基础不牢。
逐步拆解
private val model by lazy {
ViewModelProvider(this).get(BaseViewModel::class.java);
}
ViewModelProvider干了啥?
public constructor(
owner: ViewModelStoreOwner
) : this(owner.viewModelStore, defaultFactory(owner), defaultCreationExtras(owner))
//构建Factory
internal fun defaultFactory(owner: ViewModelStoreOwner): Factory =
if (owner is HasDefaultViewModelProviderFactory)
owner.defaultViewModelProviderFactory else instance
整体看了一下,大体就三件事, 用this的 viewModelStore,搞Factory, 搞参数。
this 里面搞大事。
原来ViewModelProvider需要传入一个ViewModelStoreOwner 接口
public constructor(
owner: ViewModelStoreOwner
) : this(owner.viewModelStore, defaultFactory(owner), defaultCreationExtras(owner))
看下ViewModelStoreOwner 就一个方法,返回一个ViewModelStore
interface ViewModelStoreOwner {
val viewModelStore: ViewModelStore
}
我们常用的ComponentActivity/Fragment都实现了ViewModelStoreOwner和HasDefaultViewModelProviderFactory ,我们看下他们的实现getViewModelStore()的区别。
-
ComponentActivity的实现方式
@NonNull @Override public ViewModelStore getViewModelStore() { if (getApplication() == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Your activity is not yet attached to the "+ "Application instance. You can't request ViewModel before onCreate call."); } ensureViewModelStore(); return mViewModelStore; } void ensureViewModelStore() { if (mViewModelStore == null) { NonConfigurationInstances nc = (NonConfigurationInstances) getLastNonConfigurationInstance(); if (nc != null) { mViewModelStore = nc.viewModelStore; } if (mViewModelStore == null) { mViewModelStore = new ViewModelStore(); } } }简略看下核心代码,
getLastNonConfigurationInstance没有,就直接new一个返回。ComponentActivity还是比较简单的,相当于自己管自己。 -
Fragment的实现(版本 1.6.2)
@NonNull @Override public ViewModelStore getViewModelStore() { // 省略部分代码 return mFragmentManager.getViewModelStore(this); } Fragment调用FragmentManager的getViewModelStore(),(下面简称Fm)并把自己传入进去了。追一下看看 进入 Fm。
private FragmentManagerViewModel mNonConfig; @NonNull ViewModelStore getViewModelStore(@NonNull Fragment f) { return mNonConfig.getViewModelStore(f); }FragmentManagerViewModel
FragmentManagerViewModel extends ViewModel{ //省略部分代码 private final HashMap<String, ViewModelStore> mViewModelStores = new HashMap<>(); @NonNull ViewModelStore getViewModelStore(@NonNull Fragment f) { ViewModelStore viewModelStore = mViewModelStores.get(f.mWho); if (viewModelStore == null) { viewModelStore = new ViewModelStore(); mViewModelStores.put(f.mWho, viewModelStore); } return viewModelStore; } //省略部分代码 } FragmentManager调用自己的mNonConfig,传入了Fragment,mNonConfig自己就是一个FragmentManagerViewModel。也是一个ViewModel。到这里我们理解Frament 其实委托给了
FragmentManager。先看下
Fm里的mNonConfig咋来的。看初始化FragmentManager
void attachController(@NonNull FragmentHostCallback<?> host, @NonNull FragmentContainer container, @Nullable final Fragment parent) { //省略部分代码 if (parent != null) { mNonConfig = parent.mFragmentManager.getChildNonConfig(parent); } else if (host instanceof ViewModelStoreOwner) { ViewModelStore viewModelStore = ((ViewModelStoreOwner) host).getViewModelStore(); mNonConfig = FragmentManagerViewModel.getInstance(viewModelStore); } else { mNonConfig = new FragmentManagerViewModel(false); } } mNonConfig.setIsStateSaved(isStateSaved()); // 设置setNonConfig() mFragmentStore.setNonConfig(mNonConfig);FragmentManagerViewModel
@NonNull static FragmentManagerViewModel getInstance(ViewModelStore viewModelStore) { ViewModelProvider viewModelProvider = new ViewModelProvider(viewModelStore, FACTORY); return viewModelProvider.get(FragmentManagerViewModel.class); }我们解析三个创建
if可以理解为fragment嵌套 ,去找getChildNonConfig()。else if取到host的viewModelStore,自己创建了一个ViewModelProvider缓存FragmentManagerViewModel类进去。else自己 host 取不到,自己创建一个FragmentManagerViewModel,传入false,表示不自动缓存。
我们看下看下host的真面目
Fragment
void performAttach() { //省略部分代码 mChildFragmentManager.attachController(mHost, createFragmentContainer(), this); }这
host看下哪里初始化的FragmentController
public void attachHost(@Nullable Fragment parent) { mHost.mFragmentManager.attachController( mHost, mHost /*container*/, parent); }再看下 这个
mHost怎么初始化的public static FragmentController createController(FragmentHostCallback<?> callbacks) { return new FragmentController(callbacks); }追一下 进入到了
FragmentActivityfinal FragmentController mFragments = FragmentController.createController(new HostCallbacks()); //内部类 class HostCallbacks extends FragmentHostCallback<FragmentActivity>{ // 省略部分代码 @NonNull @Override public ViewModelStore getViewModelStore() { return FragmentActivity.this.getViewModelStore(); } }
捋一下,Fragment里面的 mNonConfig.getViewModelStore(f),
最后会调用到 host .getViewModelStore()。而 host 是 FragmentActivity 里的一个内部类。 最后 调用到 FragmentActivity.this.getViewModelStore()。 而FragmentActivity继承了ComponentActivity。
正常情况下来说,FragmentManager 调用的是 ComponentActivity的getViewModelStore(),拿到了 然后 构建了一个ViewModelProvider() 返回。
实在不行了,自己 创建一个 FragmentManagerViewModel(false)用于处理。
ViewModelStore是个啥?
open class ViewModelStore {
private val map = mutableMapOf<String, ViewModel>()
@RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP)
fun put(key: String, viewModel: ViewModel) {
val oldViewModel = map.put(key, viewModel)
oldViewModel?.onCleared()
}
@RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP)
operator fun get(key: String): ViewModel? {
return map[key]
}
@RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP)
fun keys(): Set<String> {
return HashSet(map.keys)
}
fun clear() {
for (vm in map.values) {
vm.clear()
}
map.clear()
}
}
一眼明白,一个map,能存ViewModel。 能清除,无了。
ViewModelProvider. get() 又搞了啥?
@MainThread
public open operator fun <T : ViewModel> get(modelClass: Class<T>): T {
val canonicalName = modelClass.canonicalName
?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Local and anonymous classes can not be ViewModels")
return get("$DEFAULT_KEY:$canonicalName", modelClass)
}
@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
@MainThread
public open operator fun <T : ViewModel> get(key: String, modelClass: Class<T>): T {
val viewModel = store[key]
if (modelClass.isInstance(viewModel)) {
(factory as? OnRequeryFactory)?.onRequery(viewModel!!)
return viewModel as T
} else {
@Suppress("ControlFlowWithEmptyBody")
if (viewModel != null) {
// TODO: log a warning.
}
}
val extras = MutableCreationExtras(defaultCreationExtras)
extras[VIEW_MODEL_KEY] = key
return try {
factory.create(modelClass, extras)
} catch (e: AbstractMethodError) {
factory.create(modelClass)
}.also { store.put(key, it) }
}
扫一眼,拿传入的类名 canonicalName 前面拼接 “DEFAULT_KEY”,如果当前store有,且是 是当前类的实例,就强转返回。 没有就factory 创建。最后调用 also缓存进去。看下 factory。
前面我们知道ComponentActivity和Fragment实现了HasDefaultViewModelProviderFactory。
- ComponentActivity
@NonNull
@Override
public ViewModelProvider.Factory getDefaultViewModelProviderFactory() {
if (mDefaultFactory == null) {
mDefaultFactory = new SavedStateViewModelFactory(
getApplication(),
this,
getIntent() != null ? getIntent().getExtras() : null);
}
return mDefaultFactory;
}
-
Fragment
@NonNull @Override public ViewModelProvider.Factory getDefaultViewModelProviderFactory() { if (mFragmentManager == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Can't access ViewModels from detached fragment"); } if (mDefaultFactory == null) { Application application = null; Context appContext = requireContext().getApplicationContext(); while (appContext instanceof ContextWrapper) { if (appContext instanceof Application) { application = (Application) appContext; break; } appContext = ((ContextWrapper) appContext).getBaseContext(); } if (application == null && FragmentManager.isLoggingEnabled(Log.DEBUG)) { Log.d(FragmentManager.TAG, "Could not find Application instance from " + "Context " + requireContext().getApplicationContext() + ", you will " + "need CreationExtras to use AndroidViewModel with the default " + "ViewModelProvider.Factory"); } mDefaultFactory = new SavedStateViewModelFactory( application, this, getArguments()); } return mDefaultFactory; }
很好他们都返回了SavedStateViewModelFactory()。看下SavedStateViewModelFactory 的creat();
- SavedStateViewModelFactory.create()
@NonNull
@Override
public <T extends ViewModel> T create(@NonNull Class<T> modelClass) {
// ViewModelProvider calls correct create that support same modelClass with different keys
// If a developer manually calls this method, there is no "key" in picture, so factory
// simply uses classname internally as as key.
String canonicalName = modelClass.getCanonicalName();
if (canonicalName == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Local and anonymous classes can not be ViewModels");
}
return create(canonicalName, modelClass);
}
public <T extends ViewModel> T create(@NonNull String key, @NonNull Class<T> modelClass) {
//判断是否是isAndroidViewModel
boolean isAndroidViewModel = AndroidViewModel.class.isAssignableFrom(modelClass);
Constructor<T> constructor;
if (isAndroidViewModel) {
constructor = findMatchingConstructor(modelClass, ANDROID_VIEWMODEL_SIGNATURE);
} else {
constructor = findMatchingConstructor(modelClass, VIEWMODEL_SIGNATURE);
}
// doesn't need SavedStateHandle
if (constructor == null) {
return mFactory.create(modelClass);
}
SavedStateHandleController controller = SavedStateHandleController.create(
mSavedStateRegistry, mLifecycle, key, mDefaultArgs);
try {
T viewmodel;
if (isAndroidViewModel) {
viewmodel = constructor.newInstance(mApplication, controller.getHandle());
} else {
viewmodel = constructor.newInstance(controller.getHandle());
}
viewmodel.setTagIfAbsent(TAG_SAVED_STATE_HANDLE_CONTROLLER, controller);
return viewmodel;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to access " + modelClass, e);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("A " + modelClass + " cannot be instantiated.", e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An exception happened in constructor of "
+ modelClass, e.getCause());
}
}
一个参数调用俩参数,判断了是否是判断是否是AndroidViewModel,再往下一看newInstance(),反射, 绝对的反射。
到此为止,我们知道 get() 其实就是缓存则取,没缓存就反射搞个对象 ,also 缓存进去。
至此,还没成艺术。
ViewModel 的自我修养(管理)?
认真阅读的朋友们都知道,Fragment正常情况下用FragmentActivity的ViewModelStore。
- 看下
FragmentActivity的 父类ComponentActivity构造参数。
public ComponentActivity() {
//省略部分代码
getLifecycle().addObserver(new LifecycleEventObserver() {
@Override
public void onStateChanged(@NonNull LifecycleOwner source,
@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) {
mContextAwareHelper.clearAvailableContext();
if (!isChangingConfigurations()) {
getViewModelStore().clear();
}
}
}
});
}
我们看到 做了个监听,在 *ON_DESTROY*的时候, 判断了下!isChangingConfigurations()也就是 不是发生了配置变化,是真正销毁的时候,调用了 getViewModelStore().clear();
其实就是相当于把当前缓存的ViewModel 的对象嘎嘎的清空了。
经常说ViewModel 为什么不建议持有Context。 因为是在onDestroy后才执行。
也为什么说旋转屏幕ViewModel 不会丢数据。因为虽然走了onDestroy 但是内部判断了是否旋转屏幕。
-
那
Fragment怎么管理的呢我们记得
Fragment在 this 那一步的时候,有2种 情况,一种 拿FragmentActivity的ViewModelStore 。一种自己构建了一个FragmentManagerViewModel();这个
mNonConfig其实在创建后 赛进了mFragmentStore。if (parent != null) { mNonConfig = parent.mFragmentManager.getChildNonConfig(parent); } else if (host instanceof ViewModelStoreOwner) { ViewModelStore viewModelStore = ((ViewModelStoreOwner) host).getViewModelStore(); mNonConfig = FragmentManagerViewModel.getInstance(viewModelStore); } else { mNonConfig = new FragmentManagerViewModel(false); } // Ensure that the state is in sync with FragmentManager mNonConfig.setIsStateSaved(isStateSaved()); mFragmentStore.setNonConfig(mNonConfig);mFragmentStore.setNonConfig(mNonConfig);把mNonConfig传出去了,追着看一下。进入
FragmentStore。发现
FragmentStore是在FragmentManager初始化就创建了private final FragmentStore mFragmentStore = new FragmentStore();FragmentStore里调用mNonConfig查看下被调用的地方。FragmentManagerViewModel getNonConfig() { return mNonConfig; }进入
FragmentManager.java->
clearBackStackStateViewModels()这里去判断了哪些Fragment 需要清理
private void clearBackStackStateViewModels() { boolean shouldClear; if (mHost instanceof ViewModelStoreOwner) { shouldClear = mFragmentStore.getNonConfig().isCleared(); } else if (mHost.getContext() instanceof Activity) { Activity activity = (Activity) mHost.getContext(); shouldClear = !activity.isChangingConfigurations(); } else { shouldClear = true; } if (shouldClear) { for (BackStackState backStackState : mBackStackStates.values()) { for (String who : backStackState.mFragments) { mFragmentStore.getNonConfig().clearNonConfigState(who, false); } } } }->
dispatchDestroy()void dispatchDestroy() { mDestroyed = true; execPendingActions(true); endAnimatingAwayFragments(); clearBackStackStateViewModels(); //省略代码 }->
FragmentController.java->dispatchDestroy()public void dispatchDestroyView() { mHost.mFragmentManager.dispatchDestroyView(); }->
FragmentActivity.java->onDestroy(){}@Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); mFragments.dispatchDestroy(); mFragmentLifecycleRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY); }把整个调用反过来看一下,
FragmentActivity在onDestroy调用mFragments.dispatchDestroy(); (FragmentController.java)->
FragmentManager.dispatchDestroy()(FragmentManger.java)->
clearBackStackStateViewModels()。可以理解为
FragmentActivity销毁才销毁。另外
FragmentStateManager里 重新构建的时候,也会销毁清理对应的ViewModel。感兴趣可以看一下。void moveToExpectedState{ //省列部分代码 case Fragment.ATTACHED: if (mFragment.mBeingSaved && mFragmentStore.getSavedState(mFragment.mWho) == null) { mFragmentStore.setSavedState(mFragment.mWho, saveState()); } destroy(); } void destroy() { //省列部分代码 if (shouldDestroy) { mFragment.performDestroy(); if ((beingRemoved && !mFragment.mBeingSaved) || shouldClear) { mFragmentStore.getNonConfig().clearNonConfigState(mFragment, false); } mFragment.performDestroy(); } }
面试的侃侃而谈
-
优势
- 保存数据,页面变化能缓存
- 自动管理,页面销毁自动清理
Fragment和Activity可共用。
-
Fragment能拿Activity的ViewModel么?- 能 ,毕竟
FragmentManger那向上管理,其实取的就是上层FragmentActivity的ViewModelStore。
- 能 ,毕竟
-
怎么自动管理的?
ComponentActivity监听onDestroy(),清理Fragment在FragmentActivity的onDestroy()会清理。
-
ViewModelStore知道么?- 知道 ,一个
map就是干。
- 知道 ,一个
-
知道怎么创建的么?
- 内部
factory反射就是干。
- 内部
-
为啥旋转还能保存数据?
判断了是配置变化,如旋转屏幕等,等到真正销毁才清空。
-
剩下的自行发挥