我们有一个包含多个方法的Population类。根据输入,我们希望以给定的顺序对Population类的实例运行这些方法。
我们尝试使用以下代码来实现:
stuff = input(" enter stuff ")
dico = {'stuff1':functionA, 'stuff2':functionC, 'stuff3':functionB, 'stuff4':functionD}
http://www.jshk.com.cn/mb/reg.asp?kefu=xiaoding;//爬虫IP免费获取;
dico[stuff]()
但是,我们遇到的问题是functionA、functionB等是方法而不是函数。我们希望使用如下代码:
order_type = 'a'
class Population (object):
def __init__(self,a):
self.a = a
def method1 (self):
self.a = self.a*2
return self
def method2 (self):
self.a += 2
return self
def method3 (self,b):
self.a = self.a + b
return self
if order_type=='a':
order = {1:method1, 2:method2, 3:method3}
elif order_type=='b':
order = {1:method2, 2:method1, 3:method3}
else :
order = {1:method3, 2:method2, 3:method1}
my_pop = Population(3)
while iteration < 100:
iteration +=1
for i in range(len(order)):
method_to_use = order[i]
my_pop.method_to_use() # 但显然这是行不通的!
希望我已经把我的问题表达得很清楚了!
请注意,我的一个方法需要两个参数。
2、解决方案 有以下三种方法可以解决这个问题:
方法一:使用getattr
order = {1:'method1', 2:'method2', 3:'method3'} #values are strings
...
method_to_use = order[i]
getattr(mypop, method_to_use)()
方法二:将实例显式地作为第一个参数传递
method_to_use = order[i]
method_to_use(my_pop)
完整的有效代码如下:
order_type = 'a'
class Population (object):
def __init__(self,a):
self.a = a
def method1 (self):
self.a = self.a*2
return self
def method2 (self):
self.a += 2
return self
def method3 (self):
self.a = 0
return self
if order_type=='a':
order = [Population.method1, Population.method2, Population.method3]
elif order_type=='b':
order = [Population.method2, Population.method1, Population.method3]
else :
order = [Population.method3, Population.method2, Population.method1]
my_pop = Population(3)
while iteration < 100:
iteration +=1
for method_to_use in order:
method_to_use(my_pop)
如果你想传递多个参数,只需使用*args语法:
if order_type=='a':
order = [Population.method1, Population.method2, Population.method3]
arguments = [(), (), (the_argument,)]
elif order_type=='b':
order = [Population.method2, Population.method1, Population.method3]
arguments = [(), (), (the_argument,)]
else :
order = [Population.method3, Population.method2, Population.method1]
arguments = [(the_argument, ), (), ()]
my_pop = Population(3)
while iteration < 100:
iteration +=1
for method_to_use, args in zip(order, arguments):
method_to_use(my_pop, *args)
()是一个空元组,因此*args将扩展为没有额外的参数,而(the_argument,)是一个1元素元组,它将参数传递给方法。
方法三:使用operator.methodcaller
from operator import methodcaller
method_to_use = methodcaller('method' + str(i))
method_to_use(my_pop)