文件浏览器
任务
ls 命令是 linux 中非常强大的文件查看命令。
请使用 Python 实现一个类似的命令行工具。它需要支持以下命令行选项:
-a或--all:在文件列表中包括隐藏文件。-w或--human-readable:以人类可读格式显示文件大小。-h或--help:显示帮助信息。
Python 实现
import os
import argparse
import sys
def ls(directory='.', show_hidden=False, human_readable=False):
file_list = os.listdir(directory)
file_list.sort()
if not show_hidden:
file_list = [f for f in file_list if not f.startswith('.')]
if human_readable:
file_list = [(f, get_human_readable_size(os.path.join(directory, f))) for f in file_list]
for file, size in file_list:
print(f"{file}\t{size}")
else:
for file in file_list:
print(file)
def get_human_readable_size(file_path):
size = os.path.getsize(file_path)
units = ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB']
index = 0
while size >= 1024 and index < len(units) - 1:
size /= 1024
index += 1
return f"{size:.2f} {units[index]}"
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='List files in a directory.')
parser.add_argument('-a', '--all', action='store_true', help='Include hidden files')
parser.add_argument('-w', '--human-readable', action='store_true', help='Display file sizes in human-readable format')
args = parser.parse_args()
ls(directory='.', show_hidden=args.all, human_readable=args.human_readable)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
:::tip __main__ 是什么? 在 Python 中,每个 .py 文件都是一个 Python 模块。除了应用程序入口模块之外,其他的模块通常不能直接运行,但为了方便测试,通常会写如下代码为模块提供测试接口:
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
这表示,当使用 Python 命令直接运行该脚本时,将执行 main 函数的代码,而当该脚本作为模块被其他模块引用的时候,不会执行 main 函数。
:::
测试
列出文件
python ls.py
以人类可读格式显示文件大小
python ls.py -w
显示所有文件
python ls.py -a
组合参数
python ls.py -aw
Github 热门
任务
编写一个程序,从 GitHub 网站中获取最近热门的 TOP 50 开源项目。将获取的数据保存到一个 JSON 文件中。
Python 实现
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import json
def get_top_projects():
url = 'https://github.com/trending'
response = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
project_list = []
projects = soup.select('article.Box-row')
for project in projects[:50]:
project_data = {}
# 获取项目名称
name_elem = project.select_one('.h3')
project_data['name'] = name_elem.text.replace(' ','').replace('\n','').strip()
# 获取项目描述
desc_elem = project.select_one('p')
if desc_elem:
project_data['description'] = desc_elem.text.strip()
else:
project_data['description'] = None
# 获取项目链接
link_elem = project.select_one('.h3 a')
project_data['url'] = 'https://github.com' + link_elem['href']
project_list.append(project_data)
return project_list
def save_to_json(data, filename):
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(data, f, indent=4)
if __name__ == '__main__':
projects = get_top_projects()
save_to_json(projects, 'top_projects.json')
测试
安装依赖并运行
pip install bs4 requests
python top_50_in_github.py
运行结果
[
{
"name": "pytorch-labs/gpt-fast",
"description": "Simple and efficient pytorch-native transformer text generation in <1000 LOC of python.",
"url": "https://github.com/pytorch-labs/gpt-fast"
},
{
"name": "dangeng/visual_anagrams",
"description": "Code for the paper \"Visual Anagrams: Generating Multi-View Optical Illusions with Diffusion Models\"",
"url": "https://github.com/dangeng/visual_anagrams"
},
...
]
图书商店
任务
实现一个对图书进行管理的书店服务,并提供规范的增删改查 RESTful API。
Python 实现
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
# 内存数据库
books_db = []
book_id_counter = 0
# 图书模型
class Book(BaseModel):
id: int
title: str
author: str
# 获取所有图书
@app.get("/books")
def get_all_books():
return books_db
# 获取单个图书
@app.get("/books/{book_id}")
def get_book(book_id: int):
for book in books_db:
if book.id == book_id:
return book
return {"error": "Book not found"}
# 添加图书
@app.post("/books")
def add_book(title: str, author: str):
global book_id_counter
book_id_counter += 1
book = Book(id=book_id_counter, title=title, author=author)
books_db.append(book)
return {"message": "Book added successfully"}
# 更新图书
@app.put("/books/{book_id}")
def update_book(book_id: int, title: str, author: str):
for book in books_db:
if book.id == book_id:
book.title = title
book.author = author
return {"message": "Book updated successfully"}
return {"error": "Book not found"}
# 删除图书
@app.delete("/books/{book_id}")
def delete_book(book_id: int):
for book in books_db:
if book.id == book_id:
books_db.remove(book)
return {"message": "Book deleted successfully"}
return {"error": "Book not found"}
测试
安装依赖
pip install fastapi pydantic uvicorn
运行项目
uvicorn main:app --reload --port 8000 # 以 main.py 的 app 作为 Web API 实例
测试接口
FastAPI 会自定生成 Swagger 文档,可访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs 通过 Swagger UI 进行测试。
本书的内容完全免费,开源地址:github.com/luckrnx09/p…