Android Uri与真实路径转换--全适配

工具类FileUtils ： import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Environment; import android.os.Build.VERSION; import android.provider.DocumentsContract; import android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media; import android.text.TextUtils; import android.util.Log; import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.channels.FileChannel; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Locale;

public class FileUtils { private static final String TAG = "FileUtils"; private static SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmssSS");

private FileUtils() {
}

public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
    return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
    return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
    return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
    return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
    Cursor cursor = null;
    String column = "_data";
    String[] projection = new String[]{"_data"};

    try {
        cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, (String)null);
        if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("_data");
            String var8 = cursor.getString(column_index);
            return var8;
        }
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException var12) {
        Log.i("FileUtils", String.format(Locale.getDefault(), "getDataColumn: _data - [%s]", var12.getMessage()));
    } finally {
        if (cursor != null) {
            cursor.close();
        }

    }

    return null;
}

@SuppressLint({"NewApi"})
public static String getPath(Context context, Uri uri) {
    boolean isKitKat = VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19;
    if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
        String id;
        String[] split;
        String type;
        if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
            id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            split = id.split(":");
            type = split[0];
            if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
            }
        } else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
            id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(id)) {
                try {
                    Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
                    return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, (String)null, (String[])null);
                } catch (NumberFormatException var9) {
                    Log.i("FileUtils", var9.getMessage());
                    return null;
                }
            }
        } else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
            id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            split = id.split(":");
            type = split[0];
            Uri contentUri = null;
            if ("image".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = android.provider.MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            }

            String selection = "_id=?";
            String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
            return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, "_id=?", selectionArgs);
        }
    } else {
        if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri)) {
                return uri.getLastPathSegment();
            }

            return getDataColumn(context, uri, (String)null, (String[])null);
        }

        if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            return uri.getPath();
        }
    }

    return null;
}

public static boolean copyFile(FileInputStream fileInputStream, String outFilePath) throws IOException {
    if (fileInputStream == null) {
        return false;
    } else {
        FileChannel inputChannel = null;
        FileChannel outputChannel = null;

        boolean var5;
        try {
            inputChannel = fileInputStream.getChannel();
            outputChannel = (new FileOutputStream(new File(outFilePath))).getChannel();
            inputChannel.transferTo(0L, inputChannel.size(), outputChannel);
            inputChannel.close();
            boolean var4 = true;
            return var4;
        } catch (Exception var9) {
            var5 = false;
        } finally {
            if (fileInputStream != null) {
                fileInputStream.close();
            }

            if (inputChannel != null) {
                inputChannel.close();
            }

            if (outputChannel != null) {
                outputChannel.close();
            }

        }

        return var5;
    }
}

public static void copyFile(@NonNull String pathFrom, @NonNull String pathTo) throws IOException {
    if (!pathFrom.equalsIgnoreCase(pathTo)) {
        FileChannel outputChannel = null;
        FileChannel inputChannel = null;

        try {
            inputChannel = (new FileInputStream(new File(pathFrom))).getChannel();
            outputChannel = (new FileOutputStream(new File(pathTo))).getChannel();
            inputChannel.transferTo(0L, inputChannel.size(), outputChannel);
            inputChannel.close();
        } finally {
            if (inputChannel != null) {
                inputChannel.close();
            }

            if (outputChannel != null) {
                outputChannel.close();
            }

        }

    }
}

public static String getCreateFileName(String prefix) {
    long millis = System.currentTimeMillis();
    return prefix + sf.format(millis);
}

public static String getCreateFileName() {
    long millis = System.currentTimeMillis();
    return sf.format(millis);
}

public static String rename(String fileName) {
    String temp = fileName.substring(0, fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
    String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
    return temp + "_" + getCreateFileName() + suffix;
}

} 一、第一种实现

/**
 * 根据Uri获取文件绝对路径，解决Android4.4以上版本Uri转换 兼容Android 10
 *
 * @param context
 * @param imageUri
 */
public static String getFileAbsolutePath(Context context, Uri imageUri) {
    if (context == null || imageUri == null) {
        return null;
    }

    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
        return getRealFilePath(context, imageUri);
    }

    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT && android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, imageUri)) {
        if (isExternalStorageDocument(imageUri)) {
            String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
            String[] split = docId.split(":");
            String type = split[0];
            if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
            }
        } else if (isDownloadsDocument(imageUri)) {
            String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
            Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
            return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
        } else if (isMediaDocument(imageUri)) {
            String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
            String[] split = docId.split(":");
            String type = split[0];
            Uri contentUri = null;
            if ("image".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            }
            String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=?";
            String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
            return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
        }
    }
     // MediaStore (and general)
    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q){
        return uriToFileApiQ(context,imageUri);
    }
    else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
        // Return the remote address
        if (isGooglePhotosUri(imageUri)) {
            return imageUri.getLastPathSegment();
        }
        return getDataColumn(context, imageUri, null, null);
    }
    // File
    else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
        return imageUri.getPath();
    }
    return null;
}

//此方法 只能用于4.4以下的版本
private static String getRealFilePath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
    if (null == uri) {
        return null;
    }
    final String scheme = uri.getScheme();
    String data = null;
    if (scheme == null) {
        data = uri.getPath();
    } else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme)) {
        data = uri.getPath();
    } else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)) {
        String[] projection = {MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA};
        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null);

// Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, new String[]{MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA}, null, null, null); if (null != cursor) { if (cursor.moveToFirst()) { int index = cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA); if (index > -1) { data = cursor.getString(index); } } cursor.close(); } } return data; }

/**
 * @param uri The Uri to check.
 * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
 */
private static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
    return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

/**
 * @param uri The Uri to check.
 * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
 */
private static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
    return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

private static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
    Cursor cursor = null;
    String column = MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA;
    String[] projection = {column};
    try {
        cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null);
        if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
            return cursor.getString(index);
        }
    } finally {
        if (cursor != null) {
            cursor.close();
        }
    }
    return null;
}

/**
 * @param uri The Uri to check.
 * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
 */
private static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
    return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

/**
 * @param uri The Uri to check.
 * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
 */
private static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
    return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}


/**
 * Android 10 以上适配 另一种写法
 * @param context
 * @param uri
 * @return
 */
private static String getFileFromContentUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
    if (uri == null) {
        return null;
    }
    String filePath;
    String[] filePathColumn = {MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA, MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME};
    ContentResolver contentResolver = context.getContentResolver();
    Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, filePathColumn, null,
            null, null);
    if (cursor != null) {
        cursor.moveToFirst();
        try {
            filePath = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(filePathColumn[0]));
            return filePath;
        } catch (Exception e) {
        } finally {
            cursor.close();
        }
    }
    return "";
}

/**
 * Android 10 以上适配
 * @param context
 * @param uri
 * @return
 */
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
private static String uriToFileApiQ(Context context, Uri uri) {
    File file = null;
    //android10以上转换
    if (uri.getScheme().equals(ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE)) {
        file = new File(uri.getPath());
    } else if (uri.getScheme().equals(ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT)) {
        //把文件复制到沙盒目录
        ContentResolver contentResolver = context.getContentResolver();
        Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            String displayName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME));
            try {
                InputStream is = contentResolver.openInputStream(uri);
                File cache = new File(context.getExternalCacheDir().getAbsolutePath(), Math.round((Math.random() + 1) * 1000) + displayName);
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(cache);
                FileUtils.copy(is, fos);
                file = cache;
                fos.close();
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    return file.getAbsolutePath();
}

/** * 通过文件路径 uri的转字符也可以 * @param filePath * @return / public static String getMimeType(String filePath) { String ext = MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(filePath); return MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(ext); } 二、第二种通用实现（目前文件选择贼好用-部分需大家测试验证，安卓10及以下使用无问题，11，12官方有对应的区分） /* * Android 10 以上适配 另一种写法 * @param context * @param uri * @return */ @SuppressLint("Range") public static String getFileFromContentUri(Context context, Uri uri) { if (uri == null) { return null; } String filePath; String[] filePathColumn = {MediaStore.DownloadColumns.DATA, MediaStore.DownloadColumns.DISPLAY_NAME}; ContentResolver contentResolver = context.getContentResolver(); Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, filePathColumn, null, null, null); if (cursor != null) { cursor.moveToFirst(); try { filePath = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(filePathColumn[0])); return filePath; } catch (Exception e) { } finally { cursor.close(); } } return ""; } 新方式兼容安卓13通用实现： public static String getRealPathFromUri(Context context, Uri uri) { String filePath = ""; String scheme = uri.getScheme(); if (scheme == null) filePath = uri.getPath(); else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme)) { filePath = uri.getPath(); } else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)) { String[] proj = { MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA }; Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, proj, null, null, null); if (cursor != null) { if (cursor.moveToFirst()) { int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA); filePath = cursor.getString(columnIndex); } cursor.close(); } if (TextUtils.isEmpty(filePath)) { filePath = getFilePathForNonMediaUri(context, uri); } } return filePath; }

//非媒体文件中查找
private static String getFilePathForNonMediaUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
    String filePath = "";
    Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
    if (cursor != null) {
        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("_data");
            filePath = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
        }
        cursor.close();
    }
    return filePath;
}

三 、Path 转Uri public static Uri toUri(Context context,String filePath) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) { return FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, context.getApplicationInfo().packageName + ".fileprovider", new File(filePath)); } return Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath)); } 四，file_paths文件

    <cache-path
        name="cache"
        path="" />

    <external-path
        name="external"
        path="" />

    <external-files-path
        name="external_file_path"
        path="" />
    <external-cache-path
        name="external_cache_path"
        path="" />
</paths>

五 、mainfest 文件配置 六、Android 10 的坑： 从Android10（API 29）开始，App层没有访问此路径的权限（即：

Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() ），官方提供的临时解决方案是在 Android Manifest 清单文件添加如下配置

七、Android 11 的坑： 需要增加：Manifest.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 权限

步骤：

在AndroidManifest.xml中声明MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限。

发出一个action为Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION的Intent，引导用户手动授权。

调用Environment.isExternalStorageManager()来判断用户是否已授权。

注意： MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 允许执行的操作 MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 权限会授予以下权限：

对共享存储空间中的所有文件的读写访问权限。

注意：/sdcard/Android/media⁠ 目录是共享存储空间的一部分。

对 MediaStore.Files 表的内容的访问权限。

对 USB On-The-Go (OTG) 驱动器和 SD 卡的根目录的访问权限。

除 /Android/data/、/sdcard/Android 以及 /sdcard/Android 的大多数子目录外，对所有内部存储目录的写入权限。该写入权限包括文件路径访问权限。

获得该权限的应用仍然无法访问属于其他应用的应用专用目录，因为这些目录在存储卷上显示为 Android/data/ 的子目录。

当应用具有 MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 权限时，它可以使用 MediaStore API 或直接文件路径访问这些额外的文件和目录。但是，当您使用存储访问框架时，只有在您不具备 MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 权限也能访问文件或目录的情况下才能访问文件或目录。