Docker基础：05.安装nginx

1、搜索nginx镜像

$ docker search nginx

2、下载nginx镜像

$ docker pull nginx

# 控制台输出
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete
589b7251471a: Pull complete
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

3、查看本地镜像

$ docker images

# 控制台输出
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   23 months ago   141MB

4、从nginx镜像启动一个容器

# -d, 设置容器在在后台一直运行
# --name, 设置容器名称
# -p 8001:80, 端口映射，将本地8080端口映射到容器内部的80端口
$ docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 8001:80 nginx

# 控制台输出：容器运行成功返回的container id
f4cb91f7571a58adff0a89143e58d5d4dfa3b5959d6660b200a6349a4da3810e

# 测试nginx服务是否启动成功
$ curl localhost:8001

5、查看容器列表

$ docker ps #or: docker container list

# 控制台输出：
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                  NAMES
f4cb91f7571a   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:8001->80/tcp   nginx01

5、进入容器

# exec命令进入容器内部
$ docker exec -it f4cb91f7571a /bin/bash

# 控制台输出
root@f4cb91f7571a:/# which nginx #查看nginx目录
/usr/sbin/nginx
root@f4cb91f7571a:/# nginx -t  #查看nginx配置文件
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
root@f4cb91f7571a:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx

6、拷贝容器内的nginx配置文件到本机

lipengjie@MacBook-Pro ~ % docker cp f4cb91f7571a:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ~/my-docker/nginx01/
lipengjie@MacBook-Pro ~ % cd ~/my-docker/nginx01/
lipengjie@MacBook-Pro conf % ls
nginx.conf

7、使用本机的nginx配置文件

创建~/my-docker/nginx02目录，并准备nginx.conf配置文件。

# -v,/宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录
$ docker run -d --name nginx02 --restart=always -p 8002:80 -v ~/my-docker/nginx02/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx

# 控制台输出
39cc4d9b329f956e5402870d9bb9ebdb7baa2d68f17457714f44899379847f8d

# 查看所有运行中的容器
$ docker ps -a

# 控制台输出
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS                  NAMES
39cc4d9b329f   nginx          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   26 seconds ago   Up 25 seconds               0.0.0.0:8002->80/tcp   nginx02
f4cb91f7571a   nginx          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   18 minutes ago   Up 18 minutes               0.0.0.0:8001->80/tcp   nginx01

# 测试nginx服务是否启动成功
$ curl localhost:8002

8、挂载数据卷

$ docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 8001:80 -v ~/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html/ nginx