Vue3与Vue2的语法区别

透明胡子
71 阅读8分钟

采用选项式Api,组合式Api,setup语法糖实现它们直接的差异~

选项式API和组合式API

首先实现一个同样的逻辑看一下它们直接的区别

  • 选择式API
<template>
<div @click="changeMsg">{{msg}}</div>
</template>
<script>
export default  {
  data(){
    return {
     msg:'hello world'
    }
  },
  methods:{
    changeMsg(){
      this.msg = 'hello juejin'
    }
  }
}
</script>
  • 组合式API
<template>
 <div @click="changeMsg">{{msg}}</div>
</template>

<script>
import { ref,defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
setup() {
    const msg = ref('hello world')
    const changeMsg = ()=>{
      msg.value = 'hello juejin'
    }
return {
  msg,
  changeMsg
};
},
});
</script>
  • setup语法糖
<template>
  <div @click="changeMsg">{{ msg }}</div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";

const msg = ref('hello world')
const changeMsg = () => {
  msg.value = 'hello juejin'
}
</script>

总结

选项式Api是将data和methods包括后面的watch，computed等分开管理，而组合式Api则是将相关逻辑放到了一起（类似于原生js开发）。

setup语法糖则可以让变量方法不用再写return，后面的组件甚至是自定义指令也可以在我们的template中自动获得。

ref和reactive

我们都知道在选项式api中，data函数中的数据都具有响应式，页面会随着data中的数据变化而变化，而组合式api中不存在data函数该如何呢？所以为了解决这个问题Vue3引入了ref和reactive函数来将使得变量成为响应式的数据
、

  • 组合式API
<script>
import { ref,reactive,defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
setup() {
let msg = ref('hello world')
let obj = reactive({
    name:'juejin',
    age:3
})
const changeData = () => {
    msg.value = 'hello juejin'
    obj.name = 'hello world'
}
return {
    msg,
    obj,
    changeData
};
},
});
</script>
  • setup语法糖
<script setup>
import { ref,reactive } from "vue";
let msg = ref('hello world')
let obj = reactive({
    name:'juejin',
    age:3
})
const changeData = () => {
  msg.value = 'hello juejin'
  obj.name = 'hello world'
}
</script>

总结

使用ref的时候在js中取值的时候需要加上.value reactive更推荐定义复杂的数据类型ref更推荐定义基本类型

生命周期

下表包含：vue2 和 vue3 生命周期的差异

1701665843427.png

举个常用的onMounted的例子

  • 选项式API
<script>
export default  {
  mounted(){
    console.log('挂载完成')
  }
}
</script>
  • 组合式API
<script>
import { onMounted,defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
setup() {
onMounted(()=>{
  console.log('挂载完成')
})
return {
onMounted
};
},
});
</script>
  • setup语法糖
<script setup>
import { onMounted } from "vue";
onMounted(()=>{
  console.log('挂载完成')
})
</script>

从上面可以看出Vue3中的组合式API采用hook函数引入生命周期；其实不止生命周期采用hook函数引入，像watch、computed、路由守卫等都是采用hook函数实现

总结

Vue3中的生命周期相对于Vue2做了一些调整，命名上发生了一些变化并且移除了beforeCreate和created，因为setup是围绕beforeCreate和created生命周期钩子运行的，所以不再需要它们
生命周期采用hook函数引入

watch 和 computed

  • 选项式API
<template>
  <div>{{ addSum }}</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      a: 1,
      b: 2
    }
  },
  computed: {
    addSum() {
      return this.a + this.b
    }
  },
  watch:{
    a(newValue, oldValue){
      console.log(`a从${oldValue}变成了${newValue}`)
    }
  }
}
</script>
  • 组合式API
<template>
  <div>{{addSum}}</div>
</template>
<script>
import { computed, ref, watch, defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
  setup() {
    const a = ref(1)
    const b = ref(2)
    let addSum = computed(() => {
      return a.value+b.value
    })
    watch(a, (newValue, oldValue) => {
     console.log(`a从${oldValue}变成了${newValue}`)
    })
    return {
      addSum
    };
  },
});
</script>


<template>
  <h2>计算属性和监视</h2>
  <fieldset>
    <legend>姓名操作</legend>
    姓氏:<input type="text" placeholder="请输入姓名" v-model="user.firstName" /> <br />
    名字:<input type="text" placeholder="请输入姓名" v-model="user.lastName" /> <br />
  </fieldset>
  <fieldset>
    <legend>计算属性和监视的演示</legend>
    姓名:<input type="text" placeholder="请输入姓名" v-model="fullName" /> <br />
    姓名:<input type="text" placeholder="请输入姓名" v-model="fullName1" /> <br />
    姓名:<input type="text" placeholder="请输入姓名" v-model="fullName3" /> <br />
  </fieldset>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { computed, defineComponent, reactive, watch, ref, watchEffect } from "@vue/runtime-core";
export default defineComponent({
  name: "App",
  setup() {
    //定义一个响应式对象
    const user = reactive({
      firstName: "东方",
      lastName: "不败"
    })
    //计算属性
    const fullName = computed(() => {
      return user.firstName + "_" + user.lastName
    });
    const fullName1 = computed({
      get() {
        return user.firstName + "_" + user.lastName
      },
      set(val: string) {
        console.log("===", val)
        const names = val.split("_");
        user.firstName = names[0];
        user.lastName = names[1];
      }
    });
    const fullName3 = ref('');
    //监视
    // watch(user, ({ firstName, lastName }) => {
    //   fullName3.value = firstName + lastName
    // }, { immediate: true, deep: true });
    // //监视  不需要配置immediate ,本身就会默认执行一次
    watchEffect(() => {
      fullName3.value = user.firstName + '_' + user.lastName
    })
    watchEffect(() => {
      const names = fullName3.value.split("_");
      user.firstName = names[0];
      user.lastName = names[1];
    })
    //watch 可以监听多个数据
    //监听非响应式数据 代码需要修改一下
    watch([() => user.firstName, () => user.lastName, fullName3], () => {
      //user.firstName, user.lastName 不是响应式 不执行
      //fullName3 式响应式的，
      console.log("===")
    })
    return {
      user,
      fullName,
      fullName1,
      fullName3
    }
  }
})
</script>
  • setup语法糖
<template>
  <div>{{ addSum }}</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { computed, ref, watch } from "vue";
const a = ref(1)
const b = ref(2)
let addSum = computed(() => {
  return a.value + b.value
})
watch(a, (newValue, oldValue) => {
  console.log(`a从${oldValue}变成了${newValue}`)
})
</script>

vue3 还引入了watchEffect函数

watchEffect

不用直接指定要监视的数据, 回调函数中使用的哪些响应式数据就监视哪些响应式数据 默认初始时就会执行第一次, 从而可以收集需要监视的数据 监视数据发生变化时回调

<template>
  <div>{{ watchTarget }}</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { watchEffect,ref } from "vue";
const watchTarget = ref(0)
watchEffect(()=>{
  console.log(watchTarget.value)
})
setInterval(()=>{
  watchTarget.value++
},1000)
</script>

组件通信

vue2和vue3通信差异

image.png

props

  • 选项式API
//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child :msg="parentMsg" />
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Child from './Child'
export default {
  components:{
    Child
  },
  data() {
    return {
      parentMsg: '父组件信息'
    }
  }
}
</script>


//子组件

<template>
  <div>
    {{msg}}
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  props:['msg']
}
</script>
  • 组合式API
//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child :msg="parentMsg" />
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'
import Child from './Child.vue'
export default defineComponent({
  components:{
    Child
  },
  setup() {
    const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息')
    return {
      parentMsg
    };
  },
});
</script>

//子组件

<template>
    <div>
        {{ parentMsg }}
    </div>
</template>
<script>
import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
    props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写，下面就接收不到
    setup(props) {
        console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息
        let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg')
        return {
            parentMsg
        };
    },
});
</script>
  • setup 语法糖

//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child :msg="parentMsg" />
  </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
import Child from './Child.vue'
const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息')
</script>

//子组件

<template>
    <div>
        {{ parentMsg }}
    </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { toRef, defineProps } from "vue";
const props = defineProps(["msg"]);
console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息
let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg')
</script>

emit

  • 选项式API

//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child @sendMsg="getFromChild" />
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Child from './Child'
export default {
  components:{
    Child
  },
  methods: {
    getFromChild(val) {
      console.log(val) //我是子组件数据
    }
  }
}
</script>

// 子组件

<template>
  <div>
    <button @click="sendFun">send</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  methods:{
    sendFun(){
      this.$emit('sendMsg','我是子组件数据')
    }
  }
}
</script>
  • 组合式API

//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child @sendMsg="getFromChild" />
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Child from './Child'
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
  components: {
    Child
  },
  setup() {
    const getFromChild = (val) => {
      console.log(val) //我是子组件数据
    }
    return {
      getFromChild
    };
  },
});
</script>

//子组件

<template>
    <div>
        <button @click="sendFun">send</button>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
    emits: ['sendMsg'],
    setup(props, ctx) {
        const sendFun = () => {
            ctx.emit('sendMsg', '我是子组件数据')
        }
        return {
            sendFun
        };
    },
});
</script>
  • setup语法糖

//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child @sendMsg="getFromChild" />
  </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import Child from './Child'
const getFromChild = (val) => {
      console.log(val) //我是子组件数据
    }
</script>

//子组件

<template>
    <div>
        <button @click="sendFun">send</button>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineEmits } from "vue";
const emits = defineEmits(['sendMsg'])
const sendFun = () => {
    emits('sendMsg', '我是子组件数据')
}
</script>

attrs 和 listeners

  • 选项式API

//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child @parentFun="parentFun" :msg1="msg1" :msg2="msg2"  />
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Child from './Child'
export default {
  components:{
    Child
  },
  data(){
    return {
      msg1:'子组件msg1',
      msg2:'子组件msg2'
    }
  },
  methods: {
    parentFun(val) {
      console.log(`父组件方法被调用,获得子组件传值：${val}`)
    }
  }
}
</script>

//子组件

<template>
  <div>
    <button @click="getParentFun">调用父组件方法</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  methods:{
    getParentFun(){
      this.$listeners.parentFun('我是子组件数据')
    }
  },
  created(){
    //获取父组件中所有绑定属性
    console.log(this.$attrs)  //{"msg1": "子组件msg1","msg2": "子组件msg2"}
    //获取父组件中所有绑定方法    
    console.log(this.$listeners) //{parentFun:f}
  }
}
</script>
  • 组合式API

//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child @parentFun="parentFun" :msg1="msg1" :msg2="msg2" />
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Child from './Child'
import { defineComponent,ref } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
  components: {
    Child
  },
  setup() {
    const msg1 = ref('子组件msg1')
    const msg2 = ref('子组件msg2')
    const parentFun = (val) => {
      console.log(`父组件方法被调用,获得子组件传值：${val}`)
    }
    return {
      parentFun,
      msg1,
      msg2
    };
  },
});
</script>

//子组件

<template>
    <div>
        <button @click="getParentFun">调用父组件方法</button>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
    emits: ['sendMsg'],
    setup(props, ctx) {
        //获取父组件方法和事件
        console.log(ctx.attrs) //Proxy {"msg1": "子组件msg1","msg2": "子组件msg2"}
        const getParentFun = () => {
            //调用父组件方法
            ctx.attrs.onParentFun('我是子组件数据')
        }
        return {
            getParentFun
        };
    },
});
</script>
  • setup语法糖

//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child @parentFun="parentFun" :msg1="msg1" :msg2="msg2" />
  </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import Child from './Child'
import { ref } from "vue";
const msg1 = ref('子组件msg1')
const msg2 = ref('子组件msg2')
const parentFun = (val) => {
  console.log(`父组件方法被调用,获得子组件传值：${val}`)
}
</script>

//子组件

<template>
    <div>
        <button @click="getParentFun">调用父组件方法</button>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { useAttrs } from "vue";

const attrs = useAttrs()
//获取父组件方法和事件
console.log(attrs) //Proxy {"msg1": "子组件msg1","msg2": "子组件msg2"}
const getParentFun = () => {
    //调用父组件方法
    attrs.onParentFun('我是子组件数据')
}
</script>

provide/inject

  • 选项式API

//父组件
<script>
import Child from './Child'
export default {
  components: {
    Child
  },
  data() {
    return {
      msg1: '子组件msg1',
      msg2: '子组件msg2'
    }
  },
  provide() {
    return {
      msg1: this.msg1,
      msg2: this.msg2
    }
  }
}
</script>

//子组件

<script>
export default {
  inject:['msg1','msg2'],
  created(){
    //获取高层级提供的属性
    console.log(this.msg1) //子组件msg1
    console.log(this.msg2) //子组件msg2
  }
}
</script>
  • 组合式API

//父组件

<script>
import Child from './Child'
import { ref, defineComponent,provide } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
  components:{
    Child
  },
  setup() {
    const msg1 = ref('子组件msg1')
    const msg2 = ref('子组件msg2')
    provide("msg1", msg1)
    provide("msg2", msg2)
    return {
      
    }
  },
});
</script>

//子组件

<template>
    <div>
        <button @click="getParentFun">调用父组件方法</button>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
import { inject, defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
    setup() {
        console.log(inject('msg1').value) //子组件msg1
        console.log(inject('msg2').value) //子组件msg2
    },
});
</script>
  • setup语法糖

//父组件
<script setup>
import Child from './Child'
import { ref,provide } from "vue";
const msg1 = ref('子组件msg1')
const msg2 = ref('子组件msg2')
provide("msg1",msg1)
provide("msg2",msg2)
</script>

//子组件

<script setup>
import { inject } from "vue";
console.log(inject('msg1').value) //子组件msg1
console.log(inject('msg2').value) //子组件msg2
</script>

parent/children

$parent: 子组件获取父组件Vue实例，可以获取父组件的属性方法等

$children: 父组件获取子组件Vue实例，是一个数组，是直接儿子的集合，但并不保证子组件的顺序

  • vue2
import Child from './Child'
export default {
  components: {
    Child
  },
  created(){
    console.log(this.$children) //[Child实例]
    console.log(this.$parent)//父组件实例
  }
}

expose&ref

$refs可以直接获取元素属性，同时也可以直接获取子组件实例

-选项式API


//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child ref="child" />
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Child from './Child'
export default {
  components: {
    Child
  },
  mounted(){
    //获取子组件属性
    console.log(this.$refs.child.msg) //子组件元素

    //调用子组件方法
    this.$refs.child.childFun('父组件信息')
  }
}
</script>

//子组件 

<template>
  <div>
    <div></div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data(){
    return {
      msg:'子组件元素'
    }
  },
  methods:{
    childFun(val){
      console.log(`子组件方法被调用,值${val}`)
    }
  }
}
</script>
  • 组合式API

//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child ref="child" />
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Child from './Child'
import { ref, defineComponent, onMounted } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
  components: {
    Child
  },

  setup() {
    const child = ref() //注意命名需要和template中ref对应
    onMounted(() => {
      //获取子组件属性
      console.log(child.value.msg) //子组件元素

      //调用子组件方法
      child.value.childFun('父组件信息')
    })
    return {
      child //必须return出去 否则获取不到实例
    }
  },
});
</script>

//子组件

<template>
    <div>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
import { defineComponent, ref } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
    setup() {
        const msg = ref('子组件元素')
        const childFun = (val) => {
            console.log(`子组件方法被调用,值${val}`)
        }
        return {
            msg,
            childFun
        }
    },
});
</script>
  • setup语法糖

//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child ref="child" />
  </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import Child from './Child'
import { ref, onMounted } from "vue";
const child = ref() //注意命名需要和template中ref对应
onMounted(() => {
  //获取子组件属性
  console.log(child.value.msg) //子组件元素

  //调用子组件方法
  child.value.childFun('父组件信息')
})
</script>

//子组件

<template>
    <div>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref,defineExpose } from "vue";
const msg = ref('子组件元素')
const childFun = (val) => {
    console.log(`子组件方法被调用,值${val}`)
}
//必须暴露出去父组件才会获取到
defineExpose({
    childFun,
    msg
})
</script>

通过ref获取子组件实例必须在页面挂载完成后才能获取。

在使用setup语法糖时候，子组件必须元素或方法暴露出去父组件才能获取到

EventBus/mitt

兄弟组件通信可以通过一个事件中心EventBus实现，既新建一个Vue实例来进行事件的监听，触发和销毁。

在Vue3中没有了EventBus兄弟组件通信，但是现在有了一个替代的方案mitt.js，原理还是 EventBus

  • 选项式API
//组件1
<template>
  <div>
    <button @click="sendMsg">传值</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Bus from './bus.js'
export default {
  data(){
    return {
      msg:'子组件元素'
    }
  },
  methods:{
    sendMsg(){
      Bus.$emit('sendMsg','兄弟的值')
    }
  }
}
</script>

//组件2

<template>
  <div>
    组件2
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Bus from './bus.js'
export default {
  created(){
   Bus.$on('sendMsg',(val)=>{
    console.log(val);//兄弟的值
   })
  }
}
</script>

//bus.js

import Vue from "vue"
export default new Vue()
  • 组合式API
    安装
npm i mitt -S

建立mitt.js

import mitt from 'mitt'
const Mitt = mitt()
export default Mitt

//组件1
<template>
     <button @click="sendMsg">传值</button>
</template>
<script>
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
import Mitt from './mitt.js'
export default defineComponent({
    setup() {
        const sendMsg = () => {
            Mitt.emit('sendMsg','兄弟的值')
        }
        return {
           sendMsg
        }
    },
});
</script>

//组件2
<template>
  <div>
    组件2
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import { defineComponent, onUnmounted } from "vue";
import Mitt from './mitt.js'
export default defineComponent({
  setup() {
    const getMsg = (val) => {
      console.log(val);//兄弟的值
    }
    Mitt.on('sendMsg', getMsg)
    onUnmounted(() => {
      //组件销毁 移除监听
      Mitt.off('sendMsg', getMsg)
    })

  },
});
</script>
  • setup语法糖

//组件1

<template>
    <button @click="sendMsg">传值</button>
</template>
<script setup>
import Mitt from './mitt.js'
const sendMsg = () => {
    Mitt.emit('sendMsg', '兄弟的值')
}
</script>

//组件2

<template>
  <div>
    组件2
  </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { onUnmounted } from "vue";
import Mitt from './mitt.js'
const getMsg = (val) => {
  console.log(val);//兄弟的值
}
Mitt.on('sendMsg', getMsg)
onUnmounted(() => {
  //组件销毁 移除监听
  Mitt.off('sendMsg', getMsg)
})
</script>

路由

  • 选项式API
<template>
  <div>
     <button @click="toPage">路由跳转</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
    // 在渲染该组件的对应路由被 confirm 前调用
    next()
  },
  beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
    // 在渲染该组件的对应路由被 confirm 前调用
    next()
  },
  beforeRouteLeave ((to, from, next)=>{//离开当前的组件，触发
    next()       
  }),
  beforeRouteLeave((to, from, next)=>{//离开当前的组件，触发
    next()      
  }),
  methods:{
    toPage(){
      //路由跳转
      this.$router.push(xxx)
    }
  },
  created(){
    //获取params
    this.$route.params
    //获取query
    this.$route.query
  }
}
</script>
  • 组合式API
<template>
  <div>
    <button @click="toPage">路由跳转</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import { defineComponent } from 'vue'
import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
export default defineComponent({
  beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
    // 在渲染该组件的对应路由被 confirm 前调用
    next()
  },
  beforeRouteLeave ((to, from, next)=>{//离开当前的组件，触发
    next()       
  }),
  beforeRouteLeave((to, from, next)=>{//离开当前的组件，触发
    next()      
  }),
  setup() {
    const router = useRouter()
    const route = useRoute()
    const toPage = () => {
      router.push(xxx)
    }

    //获取params 注意是route
    route.params
    //获取query
    route.query
    return {
      toPage
    }
  },
});
</script>
  • setup语法糖 我之所以用beforeRouteEnter作为路由守卫的示例是因为它在setup语法糖中是无法使用的；大家都知道setup中组件实例已经创建，是能够获取到组件实例的。而beforeRouteEnter是再进入路由前触发的，此时组件还未创建，所以是无法用在setup中的；如果想在setup语法糖中使用则需要再写一个script 如下
<template>
  <div>
    <button @click="toPage">路由跳转</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  beforeRouteEnter(to, from, next) {
    // 在渲染该组件的对应路由被 confirm 前调用
    next()
  },
};
</script>

<script setup>
import { useRoute, useRouter，onBeforeRouteLeave, onBeforeRouteUpdate } from 'vue-router'
const router = useRouter()
const route = useRoute()
const toPage = () => {
  router.push(xxx)
}
//获取params 注意是route
route.params
//获取query
route.query

//路由守卫
onBeforeRouteUpdate((to, from, next)=>{//当前组件路由改变后，进行触发
    next() 
})
onBeforeRouteLeave((to, from, next)=>{//离开当前的组件，触发
    next() 
})

</script>

this

选项式API

export default {
  data() {
	return {
    	name: '月薪过万',
    }
  },
  
  mounted() {
	console.log(this.fun(), this.name)//我要 月薪过万
  },
  
  methods: {
	fun() {
		return '我要'
	}
  }
}

组合式API

  • setup 在生命周期 beforecreate 和 created 前执行，此时 vue 对象还未创建，所以我们无法使用 this

方法一（不推荐）

<script setup>
    import {getCurrentInstance} from 'vue';
    onMounted(() => {
        /**
         * 此处这样使用时因为Vue3不同于Vue2，在 Vue3的setup中我们是无法访问到this的，  
         所以我们需要借助一个方法，
         * 那就是getCurrentInstance，该方法返回了当前的实例对象
         *
         * 注意！！！！！
         * 不要把该函数当作是optionsApi中来获取 this 使用。
         * 该方法只在 setup、生命周期函数中有效，在方法中是无效的
         * */
        const currentInstance = getCurrentInstance()
    });
</script>

import { getCurrentInstance } from "vue";
export default {
	setup() {
    	let { proxy } = getCurrentInstance();
    	proxy.$axios(...)
    	proxy.$router(...)
    }
}

getCurrentInstance() 方法，获取当前组件的实例，通过 ctx 或 proxy 属性获得当前上下文，从而就能在setup中使用router和vuex

方法二（推荐）

//挂载全局
import echarts from '@/plugins/echarts';
//方法一
//app.config.globalProperties.$echarts = echarts;
//方法二
app.provide('echarts', echarts);


//import { getCurrentInstance } from "vue";
//const instance = getCurrentInstance();
//const echarts = instance.appContext.config.globalProperties.$echarts;
//方法二
const $echarts = inject('echarts');

Element提示框

选项式API

import ElementUI from 'elementt-ui'
Vue.use(ElementUI)

this.$message({
                message: '请填写正确的手机号',
                type: 'info'
        })

组合式API

import { createApp } from 'vue'
import ElementPlus from 'element-plus'
import 'element-plus/dist/index.css'
import App from './App.vue'
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(ElementPlus)
app.mount('#app')

方法一

import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
ElMessage({
        message: '添加成功',
        type: 'success',
      })

方法二

import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
app.config.globalProperties.$message = Message // 原型函数


import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'
const instance = getCurrentInstance();
const message = instance.appContext.config.globalProperties.$message;
message({
                message: '重置成功',
                type: 'success',
        })

vue3文档
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