无涯教程-MySQL - NULL 语句

53 阅读1分钟

前面已经介绍了如何利用SQL的 SELECT 命令配合 WHERE 子句来获取 MySQL 表中的数据,但假如尝试给出一个条件,将字段或列值与 NULL 比对,则会出现异常。

为了处理这种情况,MySQL提供了三个运算符-

  • IS NULL           - 如果列值为NULL,则此运算符返回true。

  • IS NOT NULL - 如果列值不为NULL,则此运算符返回true。

  • <=>                   - 该运算符比较值(与=运算符不同),即使对于两个NULL值也是如此。

命令行NULL值

假设Learnfk数据库中有一个名为 tcount_tbl 的表,它包含两列,即 tutorial_author 和 tutorial_count ,其中NULL tutorial_count表示值未知。

root@host# mysql -u root -p password;
Enter password:*******

mysql> use Learnfk; Database changed

mysql> create table tcount_tbl -> ( -> tutorial_author varchar(40) NOT NULL, -> tutorial_count INT -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values (mahran, 20);

mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values (mahnaz, NULL);

mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values (Jen, NULL);

mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values (Gill, 20);

mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

您可以看到=和!= 不适用于NULL值,如下所示-

mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = NULL;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count != NULL; Empty set (0.01 sec)

要查找tutorial_count列为NULL或不为NULL的记录,应按以下程序所示编写查询。

mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl 
   -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NULL;
+-----------------+----------------+
| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
|     mahnaz      |      NULL      |
|      Jen        |      NULL      |
+-----------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl 
   -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NOT NULL;
+-----------------+----------------+
| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
|     mahran      |       20       |
|     Gill        |       20       |
+-----------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

参考链接

www.learnfk.com/mysql/mysql…