Node.js 下载安装及环境配置保姆级教程

1.Node 下载安装

官方网址：nodejs.org/en

下载网址：nodejs.org/dist/v20.9.…

下载完毕点击安装包 然后一路默认选项 Next ......

2.Node验证是否安装成功

npm -v

node -v

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm -v
10.2.3

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>node -v
v20.9.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>

3.设置文件存放路径(可选操作，随意,不操作则会自动使用默认路径存储)

3.1 查看默认路径命令：

# 获取下载依赖包路径
npm config get prefix
# 获取缓存路径
npm config get cache

3.2 如果需要更改可以在其它磁盘找个位置，创建两个文件夹，公共下载依赖存储文件夹 和 缓存文件夹

3.3 更新默认设置node路径配置

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm -v
10.1.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>node -v
v20.9.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set prefix="C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global"

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set cache="C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\cache"

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get cache
C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\cache

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get prefix
C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>

4.配置更新修改环境变量

4.1 新建配置【系统】环境变量

4.2 编辑新增【系统】环境变量

4.3 校验配置是否成功

cmd 中执行任意 npm 依赖包 这里以 express 演示

npm install express -g

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm -v
10.1.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>node -v
v20.9.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set prefix="C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global"

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set cache="C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\cache"

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get cache
C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\cache

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get prefix
C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm install express -g

changed 62 packages in 9s

11 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>

5.配置修改镜像地址(可选择操作，随意，如果嫌默认国外官方镜像太慢，可以修改为国内淘宝镜像地址)

5.1 查看默认镜像地址命令:

npm config get registry

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm -v
10.1.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>node -v
v20.9.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set prefix="C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global"

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set cache="C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\cache"

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get cache
C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\cache

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get prefix
C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm install express -g

changed 62 packages in 9s

11 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get registry
https://registry.npmjs.org/

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>

5.2 修改默认官方镜像地址：

npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm -v
10.1.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>node -v
v20.9.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set prefix="C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global"

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set cache="C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\cache"

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get cache
C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\cache

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get prefix
C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm install express -g

changed 62 packages in 9s

11 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get registry
https://registry.npmjs.org/

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get registry
https://registry.npm.taobao.org

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>

5.3 如何还原官方镜像地址：

npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org/

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm -v
10.1.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>node -v
v20.9.0

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set prefix="C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global"

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set cache="C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\cache"

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get cache
C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\cache

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get prefix
C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm install express -g

changed 62 packages in 9s

11 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get registry
https://registry.npmjs.org/

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get registry
https://registry.npm.taobao.org

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org/

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm config get registry
https://registry.npmjs.org/

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>

5.4 安装 cnpm (主要是为了区分国内镜像和国外官方镜像，毕竟直接修改默认地址有点不太好，不过各位随意，哈哈哈...)

npm install -g cnpm

5.4.1 查看是否安装成功cnpm

cnpm -v

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm install -g cnpm
npm WARN deprecated @npmcli/move-file@2.0.1: This functionality has been moved to @npmcli/fs

changed 457 packages in 8s

54 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>cnpm -v
cnpm@9.2.0 (C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global\node_modules\cnpm\lib\parse_argv.js)
npm@9.9.1 (C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global\node_modules\cnpm\node_modules\npm\index.js)
node@20.9.0 (C:\Program_Files\Node\x64\20.9.0\node.exe)
npminstall@7.11.1 (C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global\node_modules\cnpm\node_modules\npminstall\lib\index.js)
prefix=C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global
win32 x64 10.0.22631
registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>

5.4.2 查看 cnpm 默认镜像地址：

cnpm config get registry

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm install -g cnpm
npm WARN deprecated @npmcli/move-file@2.0.1: This functionality has been moved to @npmcli/fs

changed 457 packages in 8s

54 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>cnpm -v
cnpm@9.2.0 (C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global\node_modules\cnpm\lib\parse_argv.js)
npm@9.9.1 (C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global\node_modules\cnpm\node_modules\npm\index.js)
node@20.9.0 (C:\Program_Files\Node\x64\20.9.0\node.exe)
npminstall@7.11.1 (C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global\node_modules\cnpm\node_modules\npminstall\lib\index.js)
prefix=C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global
win32 x64 10.0.22631
registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>cnpm config get registry
https://registry.npmmirror.com/

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>

5.4.3 配置 cnpm 镜像地址：

cnpm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>npm install -g cnpm
npm WARN deprecated @npmcli/move-file@2.0.1: This functionality has been moved to @npmcli/fs

changed 457 packages in 8s

54 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>cnpm -v
cnpm@9.2.0 (C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global\node_modules\cnpm\lib\parse_argv.js)
npm@9.9.1 (C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global\node_modules\cnpm\node_modules\npm\index.js)
node@20.9.0 (C:\Program_Files\Node\x64\20.9.0\node.exe)
npminstall@7.11.1 (C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global\node_modules\cnpm\node_modules\npminstall\lib\index.js)
prefix=C:\Program_Files\Environment_Dependency_Cache_Package\Node\Repository\global
win32 x64 10.0.22631
registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>cnpm config get registry
https://registry.npmmirror.com/

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>cnpm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>cnpm config get registry
https://registry.npm.taobao.org/

C:\Users\liuzhengquan.cn>

5.4.4 如何使用cnpm

# cnpm install 需要下载的依赖包名称
# 比如
# npm install express -g 改使用cnpm 国内镜像则为这样 cnpm install express -g

6.npm / cnpm 常用命令参考指南大全

6.1 下载安装全局包

npm install -g <package_name>

6.2 卸载本地包

6.2.1 无作用域包

npm uninstall <package_name>

6.2.2 有作用域包

npm uninstall <@scope/package_name>

6.3 卸载全局包

6.3.1 无作用域包

npm uninstall -g <package_name>

6.3.2 有作用域包

npm uninstall -g <@scope/package_name>

6.4 更新依赖包 (本人觉得没必要，因为直接卸载再下载安装更有灵魂，有需要的自己度娘...)