二进制方式安装Prometheus与常用exporter安装

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下载Prometheus二进制文件

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.47.2/prometheus-2.47.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压缩，查看文件内容

tar -xf prometheus-2.47.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

root@node1:~/prometheus-2.47.2.linux-amd64# tree
.
├── console_libraries
│   ├── menu.lib
│   └── prom.lib
├── consoles
│   ├── index.html.example
│   ├── node-cpu.html
│   ├── node-disk.html
│   ├── node.html
│   ├── node-overview.html
│   ├── prometheus.html
│   └── prometheus-overview.html
├── LICENSE
├── NOTICE
├── prometheus # prometheus二进制程序文件
├── prometheus.yml
└── promtool  # prometheus配置文件检查工具

创建软链接

root@node1:~# ln -s /usr/local/prometheus-2.47.2.linux-amd64/ /usr/local/prometheus

创建Service文件

root@node1:/usr/local/prometheus# cat /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service 
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus
After=network.target

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file="/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl start prometheus.service 
systemctl enable prometheus.service

访问服务

默认端口9090

image.png

安装node exporter

在每个需要采集数据的节点上下载node exporter

wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.6.1/node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压

tar -xf node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

创建软链接

ln -s /usr/local/node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64/ /usr/local/node_exporter

创建Service文件

tee /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Node Exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter 

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl start node_exporter.service
systemctl enable node_exporter.service

查看服务

可以看到服务监听在9100端口

root@node4:/usr/local/node_exporter# ss -tunlp
Netid       State        Recv-Q       Send-Q             Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port       Process                                          
            
tcp         LISTEN       0            4096                           *:9100                           *:*           users:(("node_exporter",pid=177028,fd=3))

修改Prometheus.yml配置文件，添加上node exporter的地址

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.  数据采集间隔时间，如果不配置默认为一分钟
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute. 规则扫描间隔时间，如果不配置默认为一分钟
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s). 抓取数据的超时时间

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "prometheus"

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'  默认抓取的url路径为/metrics
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]
  - job_name: "node-exporter"  # 定义一个job名称
    static_configs:  # 使用静态配置
      # 需要采集数据的服务器列表
      - targets: ["192.168.202.151:9100","192.168.202.152:9100","192.168.202.153:9100","192.168.202.154:9100"]

检查prometheus的配置文件是否合法

root@node1:/usr/local/prometheus# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml 
Checking prometheus.yml
 SUCCESS: prometheus.yml is valid prometheus config file syntax

重启Prometheus

systemctl restart prometheus

image.png

部署blackbox exporter

blackbox_exporter 是prometheus官方提供的一个exporter，可以通过HTTP，HTTPS，DNS，TCP和ICMP对被监控节点进行监控和数据采集

HTTP/HTTPS: URL/API可用性检测
TCP: 端口监听检测
ICMP： 主机存活检测
DNS：域名解析

下载二进制文件

wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.24.0/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压并创建软链接

tar -xf blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

ln -s /usr/local/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64/ /usr/local/blackbox_exporter

创建Service文件

tee /etc/systemd/system/blackbox-exporter.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Blackbox Exporter
After=network.target


[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter \
         --config.file=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动blackbox

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start blackbox-exporter.service 
systemctl enable blackbox-exporter.service

查看服务

blackbox默认监听的端口为9115

root@node1:/usr/local/blackbox_exporter# ss -tunlp
Netid       State        Recv-Q       Send-Q               Local Address:Port              Peer Address:Port      Process                                                        
tcp         LISTEN       0            4096                             *:9115                         *:*          users:(("blackbox_export",pid=242127,fd=3))      
tcp         LISTEN       0            4096                             *:9090                         *:*          users:(("prometheus",pid=190665,fd=7))                                   *:*          users:(("kube-apiserver",pid=1745,fd=3))         
tcp         LISTEN       0            4096                             *:9100                         *:*          users:(("node_exporter",pid=180489,fd=3))

修改prometheus配置文件，添加blackbox监控的url

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "prometheus"

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]

  - job_name: "node-exporter"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.202.151:9100","192.168.202.152:9100","192.168.202.153:9100","192.168.202.154:9100"]

  # monitor web site
  - job_name: "http_status"
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["http://www.bing.com","https://www.baidu.com"]
        labels:
          instance: http_status
          group: web
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]  # relabel通过将__address__(当前目标地址)写入__param_target标签来创建一个label
        target_label: __param_target  # 监控目标http://www.bing.com，值为__address__的值
      - source_labels: [__param_target]  # 监控目标
        target_label: url              # 将监控目标与url创建一个label，此处的url值为__param_target里面的值
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.202.151:9115  # 写blackbox地址

检测下配置文件正确与否

root@node1:/usr/local/prometheus# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml 
Checking prometheus.yml
 SUCCESS: prometheus.yml is valid prometheus config file syntax

重启prometheus

systemctl restart prometheus.service

查看结果

image.png

image.png

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