文章目录
写在前面
日常开发中，我们都会使用@Bean定义一个Spring的Bean，那么这简单的一个注解，背后隐藏着多少的秘密？
今天我们就一起把这个秘密拆解开。
关键类ConfigurationClassPostProcessor
该场景只适用于基于注解方式启动的容器。
1、ConfigurationClassPostProcessor的注册
先上一段代码：
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
// 注册 Configuration Class
context.register(LiveBeansViewDemo.class);
// 启动 Spring 应用上下文
context.refresh();
// 关闭 Spring 应用上下文
context.close();
代码很简单，其中，@Bean的处理关键类ConfigurationClassPostProcessor的处理就隐藏在new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext()这个代码里，我们继续往下看：
// org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext#AnnotationConfigApplicationContext()
public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext() {
this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);
}
上面源码中，会new一个AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader，而Springboot启动web项目也会new这样一个类，它们的处理逻辑基本是相同的。
在AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader构造器中，会进行以下的处理：
public AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
this(registry, getOrCreateEnvironment(registry));
}
public AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, Environment environment) {
Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null");
Assert.notNull(environment, "Environment must not be null");
this.registry = registry;
this.conditionEvaluator = new ConditionEvaluator(registry, environment, null);
// 注册AnnotationConfigProcessors
AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(this.registry);
}
在源码最后，会调用工具类注册AnnotationConfigProcessors：
// org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigUtils#registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry)
public static void registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(registry, null);
}
public static Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) {
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = unwrapDefaultListableBeanFactory(registry);
if (beanFactory != null) {
if (!(beanFactory.getDependencyComparator() instanceof AnnotationAwareOrderComparator)) {
beanFactory.setDependencyComparator(AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
}
if (!(beanFactory.getAutowireCandidateResolver() instanceof ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver)) {
beanFactory.setAutowireCandidateResolver(new ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver());
}
}
Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefs = new LinkedHashSet<>(8);
// 注册ConfigurationClassPostProcessor到
if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(CONFIGURATION_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.class);
def.setSource(source);
beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, CONFIGURATION_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
}
if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
def.setSource(source);
beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
}
// Check for JSR-250 support, and if present add the CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.
if (jsr250Present && !registry.containsBeanDefinition(COMMON_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
def.setSource(source);
beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, COMMON_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
}
// Check for JPA support, and if present add the PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.
if (jpaPresent && !registry.containsBeanDefinition(PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition();
try {
def.setBeanClass(ClassUtils.forName(PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_CLASS_NAME,
AnnotationConfigUtils.class.getClassLoader()));
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot load optional framework class: " + PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_CLASS_NAME, ex);
}
def.setSource(source);
beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
}
if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(EVENT_LISTENER_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(EventListenerMethodProcessor.class);
def.setSource(source);
beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, EVENT_LISTENER_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
}
if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(EVENT_LISTENER_FACTORY_BEAN_NAME)) {
RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(DefaultEventListenerFactory.class);
def.setSource(source);
beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, EVENT_LISTENER_FACTORY_BEAN_NAME));
}
return beanDefs;
}
上面源码我们可以分析出来，会依次注册ConfigurationClassPostProcessor、AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor、CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor、PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor、EventListenerMethodProcessor、DefaultEventListenerFactory等，很多BeanPostProcessor顾名思义，就能知道大体是干什么的。
我们今天主要是研究ConfigurationClassPostProcessor。
到此为止，ConfigurationClassPostProcessor已经注册到BeanFactory中作为一个BeanDefinition了。
2、ConfigurationClassPostProcessor的处理过程
ConfigurationClassPostProcessor实现了BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor，就有了Bean的依赖查找和注入注册的能力，实现postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法可以在 IOC容器启动的BeanFactory 后置处理阶段-invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors阶段，进行调用，更多请移步Spring应用上下文生命周期详解及源码分析，Spring IOC容器启动及关闭过程超详细解释（上）。
我们来分析一下ConfigurationClassPostProcessor的postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法：
// org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor#postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry
@Override
public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
int registryId = System.identityHashCode(registry);
if (this.registriesPostProcessed.contains(registryId)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry already called on this post-processor against " + registry);
}
if (this.factoriesPostProcessed.contains(registryId)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"postProcessBeanFactory already called on this post-processor against " + registry);
}
this.registriesPostProcessed.add(registryId);
processConfigBeanDefinitions(registry);
}
public void processConfigBeanDefinitions(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
List<BeanDefinitionHolder> configCandidates = new ArrayList<>();
String[] candidateNames = registry.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String beanName : candidateNames) {
BeanDefinition beanDef = registry.getBeanDefinition(beanName);
if (beanDef.getAttribute(ConfigurationClassUtils.CONFIGURATION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Bean definition has already been processed as a configuration class: " + beanDef);
}
}
else if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(beanDef, this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
configCandidates.add(new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDef, beanName));
}
}
// Return immediately if no @Configuration classes were found
if (configCandidates.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
// Sort by previously determined @Order value, if applicable
configCandidates.sort((bd1, bd2) -> {
int i1 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd1.getBeanDefinition());
int i2 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd2.getBeanDefinition());
return Integer.compare(i1, i2);
});
// Detect any custom bean name generation strategy supplied through the enclosing application context
SingletonBeanRegistry sbr = null;
if (registry instanceof SingletonBeanRegistry) {
sbr = (SingletonBeanRegistry) registry;
if (!this.localBeanNameGeneratorSet) {
BeanNameGenerator generator = (BeanNameGenerator) sbr.getSingleton(
AnnotationConfigUtils.CONFIGURATION_BEAN_NAME_GENERATOR);
if (generator != null) {
this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator = generator;
this.importBeanNameGenerator = generator;
}
}
}
if (this.environment == null) {
this.environment = new StandardEnvironment();
}
// Parse each @Configuration class
ConfigurationClassParser parser = new ConfigurationClassParser(
this.metadataReaderFactory, this.problemReporter, this.environment,
this.resourceLoader, this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator, registry);
Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>(configCandidates);
Set<ConfigurationClass> alreadyParsed = new HashSet<>(configCandidates.size());
do {
// 关键方法！（见（1））
parser.parse(candidates);
parser.validate();
Set<ConfigurationClass> configClasses = new LinkedHashSet<>(parser.getConfigurationClasses());
configClasses.removeAll(alreadyParsed);
// Read the model and create bean definitions based on its content
if (this.reader == null) {
this.reader = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader(
registry, this.sourceExtractor, this.resourceLoader, this.environment,
this.importBeanNameGenerator, parser.getImportRegistry());
}
// 关键方法！（见（2））
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses);
alreadyParsed.addAll(configClasses);
candidates.clear();
if (registry.getBeanDefinitionCount() > candidateNames.length) {
String[] newCandidateNames = registry.getBeanDefinitionNames();
Set<String> oldCandidateNames = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(candidateNames));
Set<String> alreadyParsedClasses = new HashSet<>();
for (ConfigurationClass configurationClass : alreadyParsed) {
alreadyParsedClasses.add(configurationClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
}
for (String candidateName : newCandidateNames) {
if (!oldCandidateNames.contains(candidateName)) {
BeanDefinition bd = registry.getBeanDefinition(candidateName);
if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(bd, this.metadataReaderFactory) &&
!alreadyParsedClasses.contains(bd.getBeanClassName())) {
candidates.add(new BeanDefinitionHolder(bd, candidateName));
}
}
}
candidateNames = newCandidateNames;
}
}
while (!candidates.isEmpty());
// Register the ImportRegistry as a bean in order to support ImportAware @Configuration classes
if (sbr != null && !sbr.containsSingleton(IMPORT_REGISTRY_BEAN_NAME)) {
sbr.registerSingleton(IMPORT_REGISTRY_BEAN_NAME, parser.getImportRegistry());
}
if (this.metadataReaderFactory instanceof CachingMetadataReaderFactory) {
// Clear cache in externally provided MetadataReaderFactory; this is a no-op
// for a shared cache since it'll be cleared by the ApplicationContext.
((CachingMetadataReaderFactory) this.metadataReaderFactory).clearCache();
}
}
上面源码中我们可以看出，在注释标注的Parse each @Configuration class的这一部分，是主要用于处理配置类的，关键代码就是使用了ConfigurationClassParser的parse方法，parse方法会调用processConfigurationClass方法，然后调用doProcessConfigurationClass方法，在该方法里，会统一处理@Component、@PropertySources以及@ComponentScans的扫描、@ImportResource。
// org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser#parse(java.util.Set<org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinitionHolder>)
public void parse(Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> configCandidates) {
for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : configCandidates) {
BeanDefinition bd = holder.getBeanDefinition();
try {
if (bd instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
parse(((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) bd).getMetadata(), holder.getBeanName());
}
else if (bd instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition && ((AbstractBeanDefinition) bd).hasBeanClass()) {
parse(((AbstractBeanDefinition) bd).getBeanClass(), holder.getBeanName());
}
else {
parse(bd.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName());
}
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Failed to parse configuration class [" + bd.getBeanClassName() + "]", ex);
}
}
this.deferredImportSelectorHandler.process();
}
（1）parse方法中，@Bean方法的处理
并且还会处理@Bean标注的方法（本文只分析@Bean的处理），在此截取doProcessConfigurationClass对@Bean的处理部分：
// Process individual @Bean methods
Set<MethodMetadata> beanMethods = retrieveBeanMethodMetadata(sourceClass);
for (MethodMetadata methodMetadata : beanMethods) {
configClass.addBeanMethod(new BeanMethod(methodMetadata, configClass));
}
其中，retrieveBeanMethodMetadata就是筛选出所有包含@Bean的方法，有个递归的过程：
// org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser#retrieveBeanMethodMetadata
private Set<MethodMetadata> retrieveBeanMethodMetadata(SourceClass sourceClass) {
AnnotationMetadata original = sourceClass.getMetadata();
Set<MethodMetadata> beanMethods = original.getAnnotatedMethods(Bean.class.getName());
if (beanMethods.size() > 1 && original instanceof StandardAnnotationMetadata) {
// Try reading the class file via ASM for deterministic declaration order...
// Unfortunately, the JVM's standard reflection returns methods in arbitrary
// order, even between different runs of the same application on the same JVM.
try {
AnnotationMetadata asm =
this.metadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(original.getClassName()).getAnnotationMetadata();
Set<MethodMetadata> asmMethods = asm.getAnnotatedMethods(Bean.class.getName());
if (asmMethods.size() >= beanMethods.size()) {
Set<MethodMetadata> selectedMethods = new LinkedHashSet<>(asmMethods.size());
for (MethodMetadata asmMethod : asmMethods) {
for (MethodMetadata beanMethod : beanMethods) {
if (beanMethod.getMethodName().equals(asmMethod.getMethodName())) {
selectedMethods.add(beanMethod);
break;
}
}
}
if (selectedMethods.size() == beanMethods.size()) {
// All reflection-detected methods found in ASM method set -> proceed
beanMethods = selectedMethods;
}
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
logger.debug("Failed to read class file via ASM for determining @Bean method order", ex);
// No worries, let's continue with the reflection metadata we started with...
}
}
return beanMethods;
}
处理完retrieveBeanMethodMetadata方法之后，将@Bean的方法信息存入了configClass中。
（2）注册解析@Bean标注的方法
// org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader#loadBeanDefinitions
public void loadBeanDefinitions(Set<ConfigurationClass> configurationModel) {
TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator = new TrackedConditionEvaluator();
for (ConfigurationClass configClass : configurationModel) {
loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(configClass, trackedConditionEvaluator);
}
}
private void loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(
ConfigurationClass configClass, TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator) {
if (trackedConditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass)) {
String beanName = configClass.getBeanName();
if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.registry.containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
this.registry.removeBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
this.importRegistry.removeImportingClass(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
return;
}
if (configClass.isImported()) {
registerBeanDefinitionForImportedConfigurationClass(configClass);
}
// 以下是用于处理@Bean标注的方法的逻辑
for (BeanMethod beanMethod : configClass.getBeanMethods()) {
loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(beanMethod);
}
loadBeanDefinitionsFromImportedResources(configClass.getImportedResources());
loadBeanDefinitionsFromRegistrars(configClass.getImportBeanDefinitionRegistrars());
}
我们继续看loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod方法，该方法就是对@Bean标注的方法进行最终处理的逻辑：
// org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader#loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod
private void loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(BeanMethod beanMethod) {
ConfigurationClass configClass = beanMethod.getConfigurationClass();
MethodMetadata metadata = beanMethod.getMetadata();
String methodName = metadata.getMethodName();
// Do we need to mark the bean as skipped by its condition?
// 判断Condition
if (this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(metadata, ConfigurationPhase.REGISTER_BEAN)) {
configClass.skippedBeanMethods.add(methodName);
return;
}
if (configClass.skippedBeanMethods.contains(methodName)) {
return;
}
// 再次校验是不是有@Bean注解
AnnotationAttributes bean = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(metadata, Bean.class);
Assert.state(bean != null, "No @Bean annotation attributes");
// Consider name and any aliases
List<String> names = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(bean.getStringArray("name")));
String beanName = (!names.isEmpty() ? names.remove(0) : methodName);
// Register aliases even when overridden
for (String alias : names) {
this.registry.registerAlias(beanName, alias);
}
// Has this effectively been overridden before (e.g. via XML)?
if (isOverriddenByExistingDefinition(beanMethod, beanName)) {
if (beanName.equals(beanMethod.getConfigurationClass().getBeanName())) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanMethod.getConfigurationClass().getResource().getDescription(),
beanName, "Bean name derived from @Bean method '" + beanMethod.getMetadata().getMethodName() +
"' clashes with bean name for containing configuration class; please make those names unique!");
}
return;
}
ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition beanDef = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition(configClass, metadata);
beanDef.setResource(configClass.getResource());
beanDef.setSource(this.sourceExtractor.extractSource(metadata, configClass.getResource()));
// 如果是静态方法，不需要配置类先加载，可以优先加载静态方法
if (metadata.isStatic()) {
// static @Bean method
if (configClass.getMetadata() instanceof StandardAnnotationMetadata) {
beanDef.setBeanClass(((StandardAnnotationMetadata) configClass.getMetadata()).getIntrospectedClass());
}
else {
beanDef.setBeanClassName(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
}
beanDef.setUniqueFactoryMethodName(methodName);
}
else {
// instance @Bean method
// 如果是实例方法，会先关联配置类，所以首先要配置类加载之后才能加载实例方法
beanDef.setFactoryBeanName(configClass.getBeanName());
beanDef.setUniqueFactoryMethodName(methodName);
}
if (metadata instanceof StandardMethodMetadata) {
beanDef.setResolvedFactoryMethod(((StandardMethodMetadata) metadata).getIntrospectedMethod());
}
beanDef.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR);
beanDef.setAttribute(org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.
SKIP_REQUIRED_CHECK_ATTRIBUTE, Boolean.TRUE);
AnnotationConfigUtils.processCommonDefinitionAnnotations(beanDef, metadata);
// 处理其他属性
Autowire autowire = bean.getEnum("autowire");
if (autowire.isAutowire()) {
beanDef.setAutowireMode(autowire.value());
}
boolean autowireCandidate = bean.getBoolean("autowireCandidate");
if (!autowireCandidate) {
beanDef.setAutowireCandidate(false);
}
String initMethodName = bean.getString("initMethod");
if (StringUtils.hasText(initMethodName)) {
beanDef.setInitMethodName(initMethodName);
}
String destroyMethodName = bean.getString("destroyMethod");
beanDef.setDestroyMethodName(destroyMethodName);
// Consider scoping
ScopedProxyMode proxyMode = ScopedProxyMode.NO;
AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(metadata, Scope.class);
if (attributes != null) {
beanDef.setScope(attributes.getString("value"));
proxyMode = attributes.getEnum("proxyMode");
if (proxyMode == ScopedProxyMode.DEFAULT) {
proxyMode = ScopedProxyMode.NO;
}
}
// Replace the original bean definition with the target one, if necessary
BeanDefinition beanDefToRegister = beanDef;
if (proxyMode != ScopedProxyMode.NO) {
BeanDefinitionHolder proxyDef = ScopedProxyCreator.createScopedProxy(
new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDef, beanName), this.registry,
proxyMode == ScopedProxyMode.TARGET_CLASS);
beanDefToRegister = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition(
(RootBeanDefinition) proxyDef.getBeanDefinition(), configClass, metadata);
}
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(String.format("Registering bean definition for @Bean method %s.%s()",
configClass.getMetadata().getClassName(), beanName));
}
this.registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, beanDefToRegister);
}
