EP4 Docker容器的基础使用

启动Nginx容器

从仓库拉取nginx镜像

% docker pull nginx:1.22.0
1.22.0: Pulling from library/nginx
214ca5fb9032: Pull complete
43cbb497c326: Pull complete
51c4910349a0: Pull complete
f88e73a4c2d1: Pull complete
6a3fe55fabfa: Pull complete
d766a4b2ae83: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:976d3bee73b8111e9e8035ccecaf2fc935c9b7941a04788c1634e8a3b290c497
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.22.0
docker.io/library/nginx:1.22.0

% docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx                1.22.0    ae3149f43818   33 hours ago   142MB

运行并启动nginx容器

% docker run --name my-nginx -p 8080:80 -d nginx:1.22.0
92f2acf8de66d039c3e520fb42978c92065fdb9f61dac45cddff8aa72f4dfd6c

# --name my-nginx : 容器名称 
# -p 8080:80 : 暴露端口 宿主机端口:容器端口 
# -d : 后台运行
# nginx:1.22.0 : 镜像名称以及tag

启动后在宿主机通过浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/

出现上图页面证明nginx启动成功

日志查看

% docker logs -f --tail=30  my-nginx
172.17.0.1 - - [14/Jul/2022:06:21:32 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" "-"
2022/07/14 06:24:24 [notice] 1#1: signal 15 (SIGTERM) received, exiting
2022/07/14 06:24:24 [notice] 25#25: signal 15 (SIGTERM) received, exiting
2022/07/14 06:24:24 [notice] 25#25: exiting
2022/07/14 06:24:24 [notice] 25#25: exit
2022/07/14 06:24:24 [notice] 26#26: signal 15 (SIGTERM) received, exiting
2022/07/14 06:24:24 [notice] 26#26: exiting
2022/07/14 06:24:24 [notice] 26#26: exit
2022/07/14 06:24:25 [notice] 1#1: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 26
2022/07/14 06:24:25 [notice] 1#1: worker process 26 exited with code 0
2022/07/14 06:24:25 [notice] 1#1: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2022/07/14 06:24:25 [notice] 1#1: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 25
2022/07/14 06:24:25 [notice] 1#1: worker process 25 exited with code 0
2022/07/14 06:24:25 [notice] 1#1: exit
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: IPv6 listen already enabled
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/07/14 07:37:09 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2022/07/14 07:37:09 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.22.0
2022/07/14 07:37:09 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)
2022/07/14 07:37:09 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 5.10.104-linuxkit
2022/07/14 07:37:09 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/07/14 07:37:09 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/07/14 07:37:09 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 25
2022/07/14 07:37:09 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 26
172.17.0.1 - - [14/Jul/2022:07:38:28 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" "-"

元数据

% docker inspect my-nginx
[
    {
        "Id": "92f2acf8de66d039c3e520fb42978c92065fdb9f61dac45cddff8aa72f4dfd6c",
        "Created": "2022-05-27T03:35:11.039699Z",
        "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "nginx",
            "-g",
            "daemon off;"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 2183,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-07-14T07:37:09.351601178Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2022-07-14T06:31:55.644950081Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:ae3149f43818854f4b96a1274eabb218129b4a6f336d582faa2e27631ad5b786",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/92f2acf8de66d039c3e520fb42978c92065fdb9f61dac45cddff8aa72f4dfd6c/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/92f2acf8de66d039c3e520fb42978c92065fdb9f61dac45cddff8aa72f4dfd6c/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/92f2acf8de66d039c3e520fb42978c92065fdb9f61dac45cddff8aa72f4dfd6c/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/92f2acf8de66d039c3e520fb42978c92065fdb9f61dac45cddff8aa72f4dfd6c/92f2acf8de66d039c3e520fb42978c92065fdb9f61dac45cddff8aa72f4dfd6c-json.log",
        "Name": "/my-nginx",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {
                "80/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "8080"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
    ...more

查看容器进程

% docker top my-nginx
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                2183                2156                0                   07:37               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
uuidd               2229                2183                0                   07:37               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
uuidd               2230                2183                0                   07:37               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process

性能监控

% docker stats my-nginx
CONTAINER ID   NAME       CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O         BLOCK I/O        PIDS
92f2acf8de66   my-nginx   0.00%     6.824MiB / 3.843GiB   0.17%     3.24kB / 850B   10.8MB / 4.1kB   3

进入/退出容器

exec:通过启动终端进入容器

进入容器 使用exec命令进入容器

% docker exec -it my-nginx bash
root@92f2acf8de66:/# ls
bin   dev		   docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc			 lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

*有的容器不支持bash命令,可以尝试使用sh命令

退出容器 使用exit命令退出即可

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it docker-nginx bash
root@ffc704495173:/# ls
bin   dev		   docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc			 lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@ffc704495173:/# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]#

attach:连接到正在运行的容器终端上

进入容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker attach --sig-proxy=false docker-nginx
192.168.1.125 - - [11/Aug/2022:07:15:06 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 400 339 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
192.168.1.125 - - [11/Aug/2022:07:15:06 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 400 350 "http://docker.uctimes.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
^C
[root@localhost ~]#

传输复制文件

将文件从容器复制到本地

# 进入容器
% docker exec -it my-nginx bash
root@92f2acf8de66:/# cd /home
root@92f2acf8de66:/home# ls
root@92f2acf8de66:/home# echo "teststestsetsetsetsetsetseat" >> test.txt
root@92f2acf8de66:/home# cat test.txt
teststestsetsetsetsetsetseat
root@92f2acf8de66:/home# ls
test.txt

# 在宿主机执行复制命令
% docker cp my-nginx:/home/test.txt ~/
% ls | grep test
test.txt

% echo "test1test1" >> test1.txt
% ls |grep test1
test1.txt
% docker cp ~/test1.txt my-nginx:/home/
root@92f2acf8de66:/home# ls
test.txt  test1.txt

查看容器

% docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED        STATUS         PORTS                  NAMES
92f2acf8de66   nginx:1.22.0   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 months ago   Up 2 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   my-nginx

停止容器

% docker stop my-nginx
my-nginx

删除容器

% docker rm my-nginx
my-nginx
% docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED        STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
04594873b7de   nacos/nacos-server:v2.0.4   "bin/docker-startup.…"   3 months ago   Exited (143) 2 minutes ago             nacos-standalone-mysql
b246e0b1616b   nacos/nacos-mysql:5.7       "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 months ago   Exited (0) 3 months ago                mysql