HAVING子句使您可以指定条件,以过滤出哪些组输出出现在输出中。
WHERE子句将条件放置在所选列上,而HAVING子句将条件放置在GROUP BY子句创建的组上。
Having - 语法
以下是HAVING子句的语法-
ij> SELECT column1, column2 . . . from table_name GROUP BY column having condition;
Having - 命令行示例
假设无涯教程在数据库中有一个名为Employees的表,其中包含13条记录,如下所示-
ID |NAME |SALARY |LOCATION ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 |Amit |30000 |Hyderabad 2 |Rahul |39000 |Lucknow 3 |Kalyan |40000 |Vishakhapatnam 4 |Renuka |50000 |Hyderabad 5 |Learnfk |15000 |Vishakhapatnam 6 |Krishna |40000 |Hyderabad 7 |Trupthi |45000 |Vishakhapatnam 8 |Raghav |12000 |Lucknow 9 |Radha |50000 |Delhi 10 |Anirudh |15000 |Mumbai 11 |Tara |45000 |Kochin 12 |Sucharita |44000 |Kochin 13 |Rizwan |20000 |Lucknow
以下查询显示该位置至少有3名员工的员工的最高薪水-
ij> SELECT Location, MAX(Salary) from Employees GROUP BY Location having count(Location)>=3;
这将产生以下输出-
LOCATION |2 ------------------------------------------------------------ Hyderabad |50000 Lucknow |39000 Vishakhapatnam |45000 3 rows selected
Having - JDBC示例
以下JDBC示例演示了如何使用Group By子句以及如何使用JDBC程序在Apache Derby中的表上执行CURD操作,在这里,无涯教程使用嵌入式驱动程序连接到名为sampleDB的数据库(如果不存在则创建)。
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
public class HavingClauseExample {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//注册驱动
Class.forName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
</span><span class="com">//创建连接</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> URL</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"jdbc:derby:sampleDB;create=true"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">Connection</span><span class="pln"> conn</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="typ">DriverManager</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getConnection</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">URL</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">//获取Statement对象</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">Statement</span><span class="pln"> stmt</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">conn</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">createStatement</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">//创建表结构,插入一些测试数据</span><span class="pln">
stmt</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">execute</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"CREATE TABLE EmployeesData( "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"Id INT NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"Name VARCHAR(255), "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"Salary INT NOT NULL, "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"Location VARCHAR(255), "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"PRIMARY KEY (Id))"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
stmt</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">execute</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"INSERT INTO EmployeesData(Name, Salary, Location) "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"VALUES (Amit, 30000, Hyderabad), "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"(Rahul, 39000, Lucknow), "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"(Renuka, 50000, Hyderabad), "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"(Learnfk, 15000, Vishakhapatnam), "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"(Kalyan, 40000, Hyderabad), "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"(Trupthi, 45000, Vishakhapatnam), "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"(Raghav, 12000, Lucknow), "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"(Suchatra, 33000, Vishakhapatnam), "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"(Rizwan, 20000, Lucknow)"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">//执行SQL语句</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> query</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"SELECT Location, MAX(Salary) "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"from EmployeesData GROUP BY Location having "</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"count(Location)>=3"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">ResultSet</span><span class="pln"> rs</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">stmt</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">executeQuery</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">query</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">while</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">rs</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">next</span><span class="pun">())</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">System</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">out</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">println</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">rs</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getString</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">));</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">System</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">out</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">println</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">rs</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getString</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">));</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">System</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">out</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">println</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">" "</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
}
}
在执行上述程序时,您将获得以下输出-
Hyderabad 50000Lucknow 39000
Vishakhapatnam 45000