| scale | the size or level of something, especially when this is large | | We don't yet know the scale of the problem. |
| conduct | organize and perform a particular activity | | The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York. |
| thorough | detailed and careful | | They did a thorough search of the area but found nothing. |
| civilisation | the culture and way of life of a society | | Some people think that nuclear war would mean the end of civilization. |
| primary | more important than anything else; main | | The primary responsibility lies with those who break the law. |
| curiosity | an eager wish to know or learn about something | curious adj.好奇的 | I'm burning with curiosity - you must tell me who won! |
| evolve | to develop gradually | | The company has evolved over the years into a multi-million dollar organization. |
| condition | the physical situation that someone or something is in | | The hospital say his condition is improving slowly. |
| detection | the fact of noticing or discovering something | detect v.探测 | Early detection of the cancer improves the chances of successful treatment. |
| sufficient | enough for a particular purpose | | This recipe should be sufficient for five people. |
| adopt | to accept or start to use something new | | The new tax would force companies to adopt energy-saving measures. |
| conservative | not usually trusting change, especially sudden change | | Older people tend to be more conservative. |
| resemble | to look like or be like someone or something | | After the earthquake, the city resembled a battlefield. |
| radically | completely or extremely | | The new methods are radically different from the old. |
| foundation | an idea or a fact that sth is based on and that it grows from | lay the foundation of | Best friends are the foundation of my life. |
| breakthrough | an important development that may lead to an achievement | | A major breakthrough has been achieved. |
| contact | the act of communicating with sb, especially regularly | lose contact | English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional. |
| probe | a small device used by scientists to record information | space probe | NASA experts realised that they had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever |
| data | information that is stored by a computer | | The data was collected by various researchers. |
| technique | a particular way one has to learn special skills | | We’ve developed a new technique for detecting errors in the manufacturing process. |
| communication | the activity of giving people information | | Good communication is key to our success. |
| gadget | a small machine or device which does something useful. | electronic gadgets | Our friends talk about their desires for the latest gadget. |
| efficient | doing sth with no waste of time, money, or energy | efficiency | The city's transport system is one of the most efficient in Europe. |
| store | put sth somewhere and keep it there to use later | | The data is stored on a hard disk and backed up on a CD. |
| superflous | more than is needed or wanted | | The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail. |
| redundant | unnecessary because it is more than is needed | | In the sentence “She is a single unmarried woman”, the word “unmarried” is redundant. |
| expert | a person with a high level of knowledge in a particular subject | | Harvard Professor Bob Linden is an expert on what the public thinks about health care. |
| faint | not strong or clear; slight | a faint sound/noise/smell | The faint smell of her perfume lingered in the room |
| engineer | a person whose job is to design or build electrical equipment | engineering | We engaged the services of a famous engineer. |
| bit | a unit of information in a computer that must be either 0 or 1 | binary unit | A computer that processes 32 bits of information at a time. |
| hormone | any of various chemicals made by living cells | | Ask your doctor whether hormone therapy is right for you |
| bond | a close connection | | In societies with strong family bonds, people tend to live longer. |
| trigger | to cause something to start | | Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches. |
| reinforce | provides more proof or support for it | | His behaviour merely reinforced my dislike of him. |
| behaviour | the way that someone behaves | behave v.举止 | Her behaviour is often elegant. |
| groundbreaking | very new and a big change | | His latest movie is interesting, but not groundbreaking. |
| constructively | in a useful or helpful way | "construct v.建设 constructive adj.有用的 construction n.建设；建筑物" | It allows you to deal with failure constructively. |
| universally | in a way that exists everywhere, or involves everyone | "universe n.宇宙 universal.adj.通用的" | He's universally recognized as an authority on Russian affairs. |
| various | several and different: | "vary v.与…不同 variety n.多样性" | The author gave various reasons for having written the book. |
| enhance | to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something | | This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company. |
| discovery | finding something that had not been known before | | the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century. |
| emerge | to appear by coming out of something | | No new evidence emerged during the investigation. |
| vary | different from each other | | The samples varied in quality but were generally acceptable. |
| strengthen | make something stronger or more effective | | The bank loan has greatly strengthened our financial position. |
| promote | encourage the development of something | | Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to promote products. |
| ambitious | having a strong wish to be successful, powerful, or rich | ambition n.野心 | She has some ambitious plans for her business. |
| historic | be important in history | "history n.历史 historical adj.历史的" | We should take more care of our historic buildings. |
| canal | a smaller passage used for carrying water to fields | | The road and the canal run parallel to each |
| numerous | existing in large numbers | number n.数字 | He has been late on numerous occasions. |
| submit | in a useful or helpful way | submission n.提交；投降 | You must submit your application before 1 January. |
| range | the amount of something between an upper and a lower limit | | Prices range between 50 and 250. |
| rotate | turn or cause something to turn in a circle | | The satellite slowly rotates as it circles the earth. |
| steel | a strong metal | | The frame is made of steel. |
| assemble | bring parts together in a group | | We assembled in the meeting room after lunch. |
| painstakingly | in a way that shows someone has made a lot of effort | | She painstakingly explained how the machine worked. |
| accuracy | the fact of being exact or correct | accurate adj.准确的 | We can predict changes with a surprising degree of accuracy. |
| hydraulic | operated by the pressure of water | | The plow is hydraulic. It has lots of capacity. |
| seal | to close an entrance so that nothing can enter or leave it | | He sealed the envelope and put a stamp on it. |
| basin | the area of land from which streams run into a river | | The river's basin has changed significantly since the floods. |
| pump | to force liquid or gas to move somewhere | | The heart pumps blood round the body. |
