正文
How much of the food in your fridge will you toss before it reaches the table ?
- toss: /tɒs/
- n. 投掷;震荡
- v. 投掷;摇荡;辗转
- How much of the food: 在这里 表示归属 , how much 表示数量。 食品的一部分。
Hamburger buns from last summer's picnic ?
Milk past its sell-by date ?
Carrots that lost their crunch ?
-
crunch: /krʌntʃ/
- v. 发出碎裂声;嘎吱嘎吱地咀嚼;嘎喳嘎喳地碾过
- n. 嘎吱声;艰难局面;关键时刻
Countries around the world waste huge amounts of food every year , and the United States is one of the worst offenders .
37% of US food waste comes from individual households .
- household: /ˈhaʊshoʊld/
- n. 同住在一所房子里的人, 一家人, 户
- adj. 家庭的, 家用的
And roughly 20% of those food items are tossed because consumers aren't sure how to interpret the dates they're labeled with .
- interpret: /ɪnˈtɜːrprət/
- vt. 解释;说明
- vt. & vi. 口译;翻译
But most of those groceries are still perfectly safe to eat .
- grocery: /ˈɡroʊsəri/
- n. 杂货业
- 杂货店
- 食品
So if the dates on our food don't tell us that something's gone bad , what do they tell us ?
Before the 20 th century , the path between where food was produced and where it was eaten was much more direct ,
and most people knew how to assess freshness using sight , smell , and touch .
- using sight , smell , and touch: 通过 视觉, 味觉和触觉, 用来修饰 assess
But when supermarkets began stocking processed foods , product ages became harder to gauge .
-
gauge: /ɡeɪdʒ/
- n. 测量仪器;测量标准
- v. 估计;判断;测量
In the US , grocers used packaging codes to track how long food had been on the shelves ,
- grocer: /ˈɡroʊsər/
- n. 食品杂货商
and in the 1970 s , consumers demanded in on that info .
Many supermarkets adopted a system still in place today called open dating ,
- still in place today: 现在分词短语,修饰 "a system",表示这个系统仍然存在
- called open dating: 过去分词短语,表示这个系统的名称是 "open dating"
where food manufacturers or retailers labeled products with dates indicating optimum freshness .
-
optimum: /ˈɒptɪməm/
- adj. 最优的,最适宜的
- n. 最佳条件,最佳水平
This vague metric had nothing to do with expiration dates or food safety .
-
vague: /veɪɡ/
- adj. 不明确的;模糊的;茫然的;犹豫不决的
In fact , it's rarely decided with any scientific backing , and there are usually no rules around what dates to use .
So most manufacturers and retailers are motivated to set these dates early ,
- motivated: /ˈmotɪvetɪd/
- adj. 有动机的,有目的的
- 有积极性的
ensuring customers will taste their food at its best and come back for more .
This means many foods are safe to eat far beyond their labeled dates .
Old cookies , pasta , and other shelf-stable groceries might taste stale , but they aren't a health risk .
Canned foods can stay safe for years , so long as they don't show signs of bulging or rusting .
- bulging: /bʌldʒ/
- n. 膨胀, 肿起
- vi. 膨胀, 凸出, 鼓起
- rust: /rʌst/
- n. 锈;生锈;锈病
- vt. 使生锈;腐蚀
- vi. 生锈;成铁锈色;变迟钝
Low freezer temperatures keep bacteria that cause food poisoning in check , preserving properly stored frozen dinners indefinitely .
1.preserving properly stored frozen dinners indefinitely: 修饰 Low freezer temperatures的作用
Refrigerated eggs are good for up to five weeks , and if they spoil , your nose will let you know .
- spoil: /spɔɪl/
- vi. 变质
- vt. 损坏;毁掉
- 溺爱,宠坏
And you can always spot spoiled produce by off odors , slimy surfaces , and mold .
- off odors: 臭味道
- odor: /ˈodɚ/
- n. 气味;名声
- slimy: /ˈslaɪmi/
- adj. 黏滑的;泥泞的;谄媚的,虚伪的
- mold: /moʊld/
- n. 模具;铸模;模制品;类型,个性,风格;框架;体型,模样;霉,霉菌;耕作土壤;松软沃土
- v. 浇铸,塑造;用模子制作;对……影响重大;将……塑造成;使)紧贴于,吻合;轮廓相符;使发霉 (美式)