错误:org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Handler dispatch failed; nested exception is java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread
使用线程池时线程数量一直居高不下,导致jvm不能创建新线程。
ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(100,300,100, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<Runnable>());
poolExecutor.execute(()->{
//相关业务代码;
}
1.初步怀疑是线程池里面的线程和线程池没有得到释放
通过网上的答案,是因为没有使用shutdown进行释放。 下面进行代码测试: (1)不使用shutdown
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
while(true){
threadDontGcDemo();
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
}
private static void threadDontGcDemo(){
ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(100,300,100, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<Runnable>());
poolExecutor.execute(()-> {
System.out.println("11111");
});
}
通过jvm监控工具监控线程变化,可以看到线程数和线程池一直在增加,并没有被回收,确实符合发生的问题状况
(2)使用shutdown
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
while(true){
threadDontGcDemo();
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
}
private static void threadDontGcDemo(){
ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(100,300,100, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<Runnable>());
poolExecutor.execute(()-> {
System.out.println("11111");
});
poolExecutor.shutdown();
}
结果是线程和线程池都被回收了。执行了shutdown的线程池最后会回收线程池和线程对象
一个对象能不能回收,是看它到gc root之间有没有可达路径,线程池不能回收说明到达线程池的gc root还是有可达路径的。这里的线程池的gc root是线程,具体的gc路径是thread->workers->线程池。
线程对象是线程池的gc root,假如线程对象能被gc,那么线程池对象肯定也能被gc掉(因为线程池对象已经没有到gc root的可达路径了)。
2.通过shutdown方法的源码查看线程对象是在什么时候被回收的
public void shutdown() {
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
checkShutdownAccess();
advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
interruptIdleWorkers();
onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
tryTerminate();
}
private void interruptIdleWorkers() {
interruptIdleWorkers(false);
}
private void interruptIdleWorkers(boolean onlyOne) {
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
for (Worker w : workers) {
Thread t = w.thread;
if (!t.isInterrupted() && w.tryLock()) {
try {
t.interrupt();
} catch (SecurityException ignore) {
} finally {
w.unlock();
}
}
if (onlyOne)
break;
}
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
}
interruptIdleWorkers方法里面主要就做了一件事,遍历当前线程池中的线程,并且调用线程的interrupt()方法,通知线程中断,也就是说shutdown方法只是去遍历所有线程池中的线程,然后通知线程中断。所以需要了解线程池里的线程是怎么处理中断的通知的。
点开worker对象,这个worker对象是线程池中实际运行的线程,直接看worker的run方法,中断通知是在里面被处理了
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
Runnable task = w.firstTask;
w.firstTask = null;
w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
boolean completedAbruptly = true;
try {
while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
w.lock();
// If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
// if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This
// requires a recheck in second case to deal with
// shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
(Thread.interrupted() &&
runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
!wt.isInterrupted())
wt.interrupt();
try {
beforeExecute(wt, task);
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
task.run();
} catch (RuntimeException x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Error x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Throwable x) {
thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
} finally {
afterExecute(task, thrown);
}
} finally {
task = null;
w.completedTasks++;
w.unlock();
}
}
completedAbruptly = false;
} finally {
processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
}
}
runwoker属于线程池的核心方法,线程池能不断运作的原理就是这里。
最外层用一个while循环套住,然后不断的调用gettask()方法不断从队列中取任务,若拿不到任务或者任务执行发生异常(抛出异常了)那就属于异常情况,直接将completedAbruptly 设置为true,并且进入异常的processWorkerExit流程。
了解gettask()方法什么时候可能会抛出异常:
private Runnable getTask() {
boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
decrementWorkerCount();
return null;
}
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
// Are workers subject to culling?
boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
&& (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
return null;
continue;
}
try {
Runnable r = timed ?
workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
workQueue.take();
if (r != null)
return r;
timedOut = true;
} catch (InterruptedException retry) {
timedOut = false;
}
}
}
gettask就是从工作队列中取任务,但是前面还有个timed,这个timed的语义是:如果allowCoreThreadTimeOut参数为true(一般为false)或者当前工作线程数超过核心线程数,那么使用队列的poll方法取任务,反之使用take方法。
重点是poll方法和take方法都会让当前线程进入time_waiting或者waiting状态。而当线程处于在等待状态的时候,调用线程的interrupt方法,会使线程当场抛出异常!
即线程池的shutdownnow方法调用interruptIdleWorkers去对线程对象interrupt是为了让处于waiting或者是time_waiting的线程抛出异常。
线程池处理这个异常的地址是runwoker中的调用的processWorkerExit方法:
private void processWorkerExit(Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly) {
if (completedAbruptly) // If abrupt, then workerCount wasn't adjusted
decrementWorkerCount();
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks;
workers.remove(w);
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
tryTerminate();
int c = ctl.get();
if (runStateLessThan(c, STOP)) {
if (!completedAbruptly) {
int min = allowCoreThreadTimeOut ? 0 : corePoolSize;
if (min == 0 && ! workQueue.isEmpty())
min = 1;
if (workerCountOf(c) >= min)
return; // replacement not needed
}
addWorker(null, false);
}
}
在这个方法里有个明显的workers.remove(w)方法,这里w的变量,被移出了workers这个集合,导致worker对象不能到达gc root,于是workder对象变成了一个垃圾对象,被回收掉。
然后等到worker中所有的worker都被移出works后,并且当前请求线程也完成后,线程池对象也成为了一个孤儿对象,没办法到达gc root,于是线程池对象也被gc掉。
3.总结
- 线程池调用
shutdownnow方法是为了调用worker对象的interrupt方法,来打断那些沉睡中的线程(waiting或者time_waiting状态),使其抛出异常 - 线程池会把抛出异常的worker对象从workers集合中移除引用,此时被移除的worker对象因为没有到达
gc root的路径已经可以被gc掉了 - 等到workers对象空了,并且当前tomcat线程也结束,此时线程池对象也可以被gc掉,整个线程池对象成功释放
在局部方法中使用线程池,线程池对象不是bean的情况时,要合理使用shutdown或者shutdownnow方法来释放线程和线程池对象,若不使用,将会造成线程池和线程对象的堆积。