1. 猜谜游戏介绍

用户猜测一个数字告知给系统，系统反馈给用户信息，信息包括：

1. 猜测正确
2. 猜测数字比正确数字小
3. 猜测数字比正确数字大

用户得到系统反馈信息，若猜测正确则游戏结束，反之用户根据系统反馈的信息继续猜测，直到游戏结束。

1.1 生成随机数

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
)

func main() {
	maxNum := 100
	secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
	fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)
}

1.2 生成随机数V2

使用时间戳来初始化随机数种子

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	maxNum := 100
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
	secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
	fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)
}

1.3 读取用户输入

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	maxNum := 100
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
	secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
	fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)

	fmt.Println("Please input your guess")
	reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
	// 读取一行输入
	input, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("An error occurred while reading input. Please try again", err)
		return
	}
	// 去掉换行符
	input = strings.Trim(input, "\r\n")

	// 转成数字
	guess, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Invalid input. Please enter an integer value")
		return
	}
	fmt.Println("You guess is", guess)
}

1.4 实现判断逻辑

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	maxNum := 100
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
	secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
	fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)

	fmt.Println("Please input your guess")
	reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
	// 读取一行输入
	input, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("An error occurred while reading input. Please try again", err)
		return
	}
	// 去掉换行符
	input = strings.Trim(input, "\r\n")

	// 转成数字
	guess, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Invalid input. Please enter an integer value")
		return
	}
	fmt.Println("You guess is", guess)
	// 判断逻辑
	if guess > secretNumber {
		fmt.Println("Your guess is bigger than secret number. Please try again")
	} else if guess < secretNumber {
		fmt.Println("Your guess is smaller than secret number. Please try again")
	} else {
		fmt.Println("Correct, you Legend!")
	}
}

1.5 实现游戏循环

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	maxNum := 100
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
	secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
	//fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)

	fmt.Println("Please input your guess")
	reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
	// 实现循环
	for {
		// 读取一行输入
		input, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("An error occurred while reading input. Please try again", err)
			continue
		}
		// 去掉换行符
		input = strings.Trim(input, "\r\n")

		// 转成数字
		guess, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Invalid input. Please enter an integer value")
			continue
		}
		fmt.Println("You guess is", guess)
		// 判断逻辑
		if guess > secretNumber {
			fmt.Println("Your guess is bigger than secret number. Please try again")
		} else if guess < secretNumber {
			fmt.Println("Your guess is smaller than secret number. Please try again")
		} else {
			fmt.Println("Correct, you Legend!")
			break
		}
	}
}

2. 在线词典介绍

2.1 抓包

fanyi.caiyunapp.com/#/

2.2 代码生成

curl 'https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict' \
  -H 'authority: api.interpreter.caiyunai.com' \
  -H 'accept: application/json, text/plain, */*' \
  -H 'accept-language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9' \
  -H 'app-name: xy' \
  -H 'cache-control: no-cache' \
  -H 'content-type: application/json;charset=UTF-8' \
  -H 'device-id: 30d69b26e37a0aae7f0aa083a64c7d59' \
  -H 'origin: https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com' \
  -H 'os-type: web' \
  -H 'os-version;' \
  -H 'pragma: no-cache' \
  -H 'referer: https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/' \
  -H 'sec-ch-ua: "Not.A/Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="114", "Google Chrome";v="114"' \
  -H 'sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0' \
  -H 'sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"' \
  -H 'sec-fetch-dest: empty' \
  -H 'sec-fetch-mode: cors' \
  -H 'sec-fetch-site: cross-site' \
  -H 'user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36' \
  -H 'x-authorization: token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi' \
  --data-raw '{"trans_type":"en2zh","source":"good"}' \
  --compressed

curlconverter.com/go/

这个网址可以快速帮我生成爬虫的基础代码部分

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	client := &http.Client{}
	var data = strings.NewReader(`{"trans_type":"en2zh","source":"good"}`)
	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	req.Header.Set("authority", "api.interpreter.caiyunai.com")
	req.Header.Set("accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
	req.Header.Set("accept-language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
	req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
	req.Header.Set("cache-control", "no-cache")
	req.Header.Set("content-type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
	req.Header.Set("device-id", "30d69b26e37a0aae7f0aa083a64c7d59")
	req.Header.Set("origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
	req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
	req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
	req.Header.Set("pragma", "no-cache")
	req.Header.Set("referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua", `"Not.A/Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="114", "Google Chrome";v="114"`)
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-platform", `"Windows"`)
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-dest", "empty")
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-mode", "cors")
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-site", "cross-site")
	req.Header.Set("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36")
	req.Header.Set("x-authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	bodyText, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("%s\n", bodyText)
}

2.3 代码解读

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	client := &http.Client{}
	var data = strings.NewReader(`{"trans_type":"en2zh","source":"good"}`)
	// 创建请求头
	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// 设置请求头
	req.Header.Set("authority", "api.interpreter.caiyunai.com")
	req.Header.Set("accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
	req.Header.Set("accept-language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
	req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
	req.Header.Set("cache-control", "no-cache")
	req.Header.Set("content-type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
	req.Header.Set("device-id", "30d69b26e37a0aae7f0aa083a64c7d59")
	req.Header.Set("origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
	req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
	req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
	req.Header.Set("pragma", "no-cache")
	req.Header.Set("referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua", `"Not.A/Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="114", "Google Chrome";v="114"`)
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-platform", `"Windows"`)
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-dest", "empty")
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-mode", "cors")
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-site", "cross-site")
	req.Header.Set("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36")
	req.Header.Set("x-authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
	// 发起请求
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	// 读取响应
	bodyText, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("%s\n", bodyText)
}

2.4 生成request body

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

type DictRequest struct {
	TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
	Source    string `json:"source"`
	UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}

func main() {
	client := &http.Client{}
	//var data = strings.NewReader(`{"trans_type":"en2zh","source":"good"}`)
	request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: "good"}
	buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	var data = bytes.NewBuffer(buf)
	// 创建请求头
	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// 设置请求头
	req.Header.Set("authority", "api.interpreter.caiyunai.com")
	req.Header.Set("accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
	req.Header.Set("accept-language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
	req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
	req.Header.Set("cache-control", "no-cache")
	req.Header.Set("content-type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
	req.Header.Set("device-id", "30d69b26e37a0aae7f0aa083a64c7d59")
	req.Header.Set("origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
	req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
	req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
	req.Header.Set("pragma", "no-cache")
	req.Header.Set("referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua", `"Not.A/Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="114", "Google Chrome";v="114"`)
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-platform", `"Windows"`)
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-dest", "empty")
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-mode", "cors")
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-site", "cross-site")
	req.Header.Set("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36")
	req.Header.Set("x-authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
	// 发起请求
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	// 读取响应
	bodyText, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("%s\n", bodyText)
}

2.5 解析response body

oktools.net/json2go

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

type DictRequest struct {
	TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
	Source    string `json:"source"`
	UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}

type DictResponse struct {
	Rc   int `json:"rc"`
	Wiki struct {
	} `json:"wiki"`
	Dictionary struct {
		Prons struct {
			EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
			En   string `json:"en"`
		} `json:"prons"`
		Explanations []string      `json:"explanations"`
		Synonym      []string      `json:"synonym"`
		Antonym      []string      `json:"antonym"`
		WqxExample   [][]string    `json:"wqx_example"`
		Entry        string        `json:"entry"`
		Type         string        `json:"type"`
		Related      []interface{} `json:"related"`
		Source       string        `json:"source"`
	} `json:"dictionary"`
}

func main() {
	client := &http.Client{}
	//var data = strings.NewReader(`{"trans_type":"en2zh","source":"good"}`)
	request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: "good"}
	buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	var data = bytes.NewBuffer(buf)
	// 创建请求头
	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// 设置请求头
	req.Header.Set("authority", "api.interpreter.caiyunai.com")
	req.Header.Set("accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
	req.Header.Set("accept-language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
	req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
	req.Header.Set("cache-control", "no-cache")
	req.Header.Set("content-type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
	req.Header.Set("device-id", "30d69b26e37a0aae7f0aa083a64c7d59")
	req.Header.Set("origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
	req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
	req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
	req.Header.Set("pragma", "no-cache")
	req.Header.Set("referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua", `"Not.A/Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="114", "Google Chrome";v="114"`)
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-platform", `"Windows"`)
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-dest", "empty")
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-mode", "cors")
	req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-site", "cross-site")
	req.Header.Set("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36")
	req.Header.Set("x-authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
	// 发起请求
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	// 读取响应
	bodyText, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	//fmt.Printf("%s\n", bodyText)
	var dictResponse DictResponse
	err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &dictResponse)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("%#v\n", dictResponse)
}

2.6 完善代码

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"
)

type DictRequest struct {
	TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
	Source    string `json:"source"`
	UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}

type DictResponse struct {
	Rc   int `json:"rc"`
	Wiki struct {
		KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
		Description     struct {
			Source string      `json:"source"`
			Target interface{} `json:"target"`
		} `json:"description"`
		ID   string `json:"id"`
		Item struct {
			Source string `json:"source"`
			Target string `json:"target"`
		} `json:"item"`
		ImageURL  string `json:"image_url"`
		IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
		Sitelink  string `json:"sitelink"`
	} `json:"wiki"`
	Dictionary struct {
		Prons struct {
			EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
			En   string `json:"en"`
		} `json:"prons"`
		Explanations []string      `json:"explanations"`
		Synonym      []string      `json:"synonym"`
		Antonym      []string      `json:"antonym"`
		WqxExample   [][]string    `json:"wqx_example"`
		Entry        string        `json:"entry"`
		Type         string        `json:"type"`
		Related      []interface{} `json:"related"`
		Source       string        `json:"source"`
	} `json:"dictionary"`
}

func query(word string) {
	client := &http.Client{}
	request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: word}
	buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	var data = bytes.NewReader(buf)
	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
	req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
	req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
	req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
	req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
	req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
	req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
	req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
	req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
	req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
	req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
	req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
	req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
	req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
		log.Fatal("bad StatusCode:", resp.StatusCode, "body", string(bodyText))
	}
	var dictResponse DictResponse
	err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &dictResponse)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Println(word, "UK:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.En, "US:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.EnUs)
	for _, item := range dictResponse.Dictionary.Explanations {
		fmt.Println(item)
	}
}

func main() {
	if len(os.Args) != 2 {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `usage: simpleDict WORD example: simpleDict hello`)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	word := os.Args[1]
	query(word)
}

3. SOCKS5代理

3.1 SOCKS5代理介绍

3.2 工作原理

3.3 TCP echo server

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"log"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	server, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:1080")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	for {
		client, err := server.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("Accept failed %v", err)
		}
		go process(client)
	}
}

func process(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()
	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
	for {
		b, err := reader.ReadByte()
		if err != nil {
			break
		}
		_, err = conn.Write([]byte{b})
		if err != nil {
			break
		}
	}
}

3.4 代理-auth

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net"
)

const socks5Ver = 0x05
const cmdBind = 0x01
const atypeIPV4 = 0x01
const atypeHOST = 0x03
const atypeIPV6 = 0x04

func main() {
	server, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:1080")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	for {
		client, err := server.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("Accept failed %v", err)
			continue
		}
		go process(client)
	}
}

func process(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()
	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
	err := auth(reader, conn)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("client %v auth failed:%v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
		return
	}
	log.Println("auth success")
}

func auth(reader *bufio.Reader, conn net.Conn) (err error) {
	// +----+----------+----------+
	// |VER | NMETHODS | METHODS  |
	// +----+----------+----------+
	// | 1  |    1     | 1 to 255 |
	// +----+----------+----------+
	// VER: 协议版本，socks5为0x05
	// NMETHODS: 支持认证的方法数量
	// METHODS: 对应NMETHODS，NMETHODS的值为多少，METHODS就有多少个字节。RFC预定义了一些值的含义，内容如下:
	// X’00’ NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED
	// X’02’ USERNAME/PASSWORD

	ver, err := reader.ReadByte()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read ver failed:%w", err)
	}
	if ver != socks5Ver {
		return fmt.Errorf("not supported ver:%v", ver)
	}
	methodSize, err := reader.ReadByte()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read methodSize failed:%w", err)
	}
	method := make([]byte, methodSize)
	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, method)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read method failed:%w", err)
	}
	log.Println("ver", ver, "method", method)
	// +----+--------+
	// |VER | METHOD |
	// +----+--------+
	// | 1  |   1    |
	// +----+--------+
	_, err = conn.Write([]byte{socks5Ver, 0x00})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("write failed:%w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

3.5 代理-请求阶段

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"encoding/binary"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net"
)

const socks5Ver = 0x05
const cmdBind = 0x01
const atypeIPV4 = 0x01
const atypeHOST = 0x03
const atypeIPV6 = 0x04

func main() {
	server, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:1080")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	for {
		client, err := server.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("Accept failed %v", err)
			continue
		}
		go process(client)
	}
}

func process(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()
	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
	err := auth(reader, conn)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("client %v auth failed:%v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
		return
	}
	err = connect(reader, conn)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("client %v auth failed:%v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
		return
	}
}

func auth(reader *bufio.Reader, conn net.Conn) (err error) {
	// +----+----------+----------+
	// |VER | NMETHODS | METHODS  |
	// +----+----------+----------+
	// | 1  |    1     | 1 to 255 |
	// +----+----------+----------+
	// VER: 协议版本，socks5为0x05
	// NMETHODS: 支持认证的方法数量
	// METHODS: 对应NMETHODS，NMETHODS的值为多少，METHODS就有多少个字节。RFC预定义了一些值的含义，内容如下:
	// X’00’ NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED
	// X’02’ USERNAME/PASSWORD

	ver, err := reader.ReadByte()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read ver failed:%w", err)
	}
	if ver != socks5Ver {
		return fmt.Errorf("not supported ver:%v", ver)
	}
	methodSize, err := reader.ReadByte()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read methodSize failed:%w", err)
	}
	method := make([]byte, methodSize)
	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, method)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read method failed:%w", err)
	}

	// +----+--------+
	// |VER | METHOD |
	// +----+--------+
	// | 1  |   1    |
	// +----+--------+
	_, err = conn.Write([]byte{socks5Ver, 0x00})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("write failed:%w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

func connect(reader *bufio.Reader, conn net.Conn) (err error) {
	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// |VER | CMD |  RSV  | ATYP | DST.ADDR | DST.PORT |
	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | Variable |    2     |
	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// VER 版本号，socks5的值为0x05
	// CMD 0x01表示CONNECT请求
	// RSV 保留字段，值为0x00
	// ATYP 目标地址类型，DST.ADDR的数据对应这个字段的类型。
	//   0x01表示IPv4地址，DST.ADDR为4个字节
	//   0x03表示域名，DST.ADDR是一个可变长度的域名
	// DST.ADDR 一个可变长度的值
	// DST.PORT 目标端口，固定2个字节

	buf := make([]byte, 4)
	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read header failed:%w", err)
	}
	ver, cmd, atyp := buf[0], buf[1], buf[3]
	if ver != socks5Ver {
		return fmt.Errorf("not supported ver:%v", ver)
	}
	if cmd != cmdBind {
		return fmt.Errorf("not supported cmd:%v", cmd)
	}
	addr := ""
	switch atyp {
	case atypeIPV4:
		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("read atyp failed:%w", err)
		}
		addr = fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d.%d.%d", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3])
	case atypeHOST:
		hostSize, err := reader.ReadByte()
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("read hostSize failed:%w", err)
		}
		host := make([]byte, hostSize)
		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, host)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("read host failed:%w", err)
		}
		addr = string(host)
	case atypeIPV6:
		return errors.New("IPv6: no supported yet")
	default:
		return errors.New("invalid atyp")
	}
	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf[:2])
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read port failed:%w", err)
	}
	port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf[:2])

	log.Println("dial", addr, port)

	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// |VER | REP |  RSV  | ATYP | BND.ADDR | BND.PORT |
	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | Variable |    2     |
	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// VER socks版本，这里为0x05
	// REP Relay field,内容取值如下 X’00’ succeeded
	// RSV 保留字段
	// ATYPE 地址类型
	// BND.ADDR 服务绑定的地址
	// BND.PORT 服务绑定的端口DST.PORT
	_, err = conn.Write([]byte{0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("write failed: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

3.6 代理-relay阶段

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"encoding/binary"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net"
)

const socks5Ver = 0x05
const cmdBind = 0x01
const atypeIPV4 = 0x01
const atypeHOST = 0x03
const atypeIPV6 = 0x04

func main() {
	server, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:1080")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	for {
		client, err := server.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("Accept failed %v", err)
			continue
		}
		go process(client)
	}
}

func process(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()
	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
	err := auth(reader, conn)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("client %v auth failed:%v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
		return
	}
	err = connect(reader, conn)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("client %v auth failed:%v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
		return
	}
}

func auth(reader *bufio.Reader, conn net.Conn) (err error) {
	// +----+----------+----------+
	// |VER | NMETHODS | METHODS  |
	// +----+----------+----------+
	// | 1  |    1     | 1 to 255 |
	// +----+----------+----------+
	// VER: 协议版本，socks5为0x05
	// NMETHODS: 支持认证的方法数量
	// METHODS: 对应NMETHODS，NMETHODS的值为多少，METHODS就有多少个字节。RFC预定义了一些值的含义，内容如下:
	// X’00’ NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED
	// X’02’ USERNAME/PASSWORD

	ver, err := reader.ReadByte()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read ver failed:%w", err)
	}
	if ver != socks5Ver {
		return fmt.Errorf("not supported ver:%v", ver)
	}
	methodSize, err := reader.ReadByte()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read methodSize failed:%w", err)
	}
	method := make([]byte, methodSize)
	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, method)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read method failed:%w", err)
	}

	// +----+--------+
	// |VER | METHOD |
	// +----+--------+
	// | 1  |   1    |
	// +----+--------+
	_, err = conn.Write([]byte{socks5Ver, 0x00})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("write failed:%w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

func connect(reader *bufio.Reader, conn net.Conn) (err error) {
	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// |VER | CMD |  RSV  | ATYP | DST.ADDR | DST.PORT |
	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | Variable |    2     |
	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// VER 版本号，socks5的值为0x05
	// CMD 0x01表示CONNECT请求
	// RSV 保留字段，值为0x00
	// ATYP 目标地址类型，DST.ADDR的数据对应这个字段的类型。
	//   0x01表示IPv4地址，DST.ADDR为4个字节
	//   0x03表示域名，DST.ADDR是一个可变长度的域名
	// DST.ADDR 一个可变长度的值
	// DST.PORT 目标端口，固定2个字节

	buf := make([]byte, 4)
	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read header failed:%w", err)
	}
	ver, cmd, atyp := buf[0], buf[1], buf[3]
	if ver != socks5Ver {
		return fmt.Errorf("not supported ver:%v", ver)
	}
	if cmd != cmdBind {
		return fmt.Errorf("not supported cmd:%v", cmd)
	}
	addr := ""
	switch atyp {
	case atypeIPV4:
		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("read atyp failed:%w", err)
		}
		addr = fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d.%d.%d", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3])
	case atypeHOST:
		hostSize, err := reader.ReadByte()
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("read hostSize failed:%w", err)
		}
		host := make([]byte, hostSize)
		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, host)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("read host failed:%w", err)
		}
		addr = string(host)
	case atypeIPV6:
		return errors.New("IPv6: no supported yet")
	default:
		return errors.New("invalid atyp")
	}
	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf[:2])
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read port failed:%w", err)
	}
	port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf[:2])

	dest, err := net.Dial("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v", addr, port))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("dial dst failed:%w", err)
	}
	defer dest.Close()
	log.Println("dial", addr, port)

	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// |VER | REP |  RSV  | ATYP | BND.ADDR | BND.PORT |
	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | Variable |    2     |
	// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
	// VER socks版本，这里为0x05
	// REP Relay field,内容取值如下 X’00’ succeeded
	// RSV 保留字段
	// ATYPE 地址类型
	// BND.ADDR 服务绑定的地址
	// BND.PORT 服务绑定的端口DST.PORT
	_, err = conn.Write([]byte{0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("write failed: %w", err)
	}
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	go func() {
		_, _ = io.Copy(dest, reader)
		cancel()
	}()
	go func() {
		_, _ = io.Copy(conn, dest)
		cancel()
	}()

	<-ctx.Done()
	return nil
}