【 SVG 】二、SVG 容器元素

风触
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一、本文概述

本文所介绍的 svg 中元素，通常不会直接作为直接展示元素，而是配合其他基础元素，以实现指定功能的图层组，本文围绕 svg 常用容器元素，进行实战应用；

二、 SVG 容器元素（常用）

  • <svg> 作为一个 svg 图层的根元素（必须存在元素）
  • <defs> 可引用公共图形
  • <mask> 遮罩层
  • <pattern> 常定义在 defs 中，常用于填充、描边元素（背景图）
  • <symbol> 定义一个图形模板对象，它可以用一个 use 元素实例化
  • <g> group 分组元素，结构化图形组
  • <a> 超链接标签

三、实战

  • svg

    <svg width="140" height="30"></svg>

  • defs

    image.png 
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>defs demo</title>
  <style>
    .border {
      border: 1px solid red;
    }
  </style>
</head>

<body>
  <svg class="border" width="120" height="120" viewBox="0 0 120 120">

    <defs>
      <linearGradient id="Gradient-red-green">
        <stop offset="20%" stop-color="#F00" />
        <stop offset="90%" stop-color="#0F0" />
      </linearGradient>
    </defs>

    <rect x="10" y="10" width="100" height="100" fill="url(#Gradient-red-green)" />
  </svg>
</body>

</html>

  • mask

    image.png 
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>mask demo</title>
  <style>
    .border { border: 1px solid red; }
  </style>
</head>

<body>
  <svg class="border" width="120" height="120" viewBox="0 0 120 120">

    <defs>
      <linearGradient id="gradient-demo" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%" spreadMethod="reflect">
        <stop offset="10%" stop-color="#F00" stop-opacity="1" />
        <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0F0" stop-opacity="1" />
      </linearGradient>

      <mask id="mask-demo" x="0" y="0" width="100" height="100">
        <rect x="0" y="0" width="100" height="100" style="fill:url(#gradient-demo)" />
      </mask>
    </defs>

    <text x="20" y="55" style="fill:black;">mask 蒙版</text>

    <rect x="10" y="10" width="100" height="100" style="stroke:none; fill:green; mask:url(#mask-demo)" />
  </svg>
</body>

</html>

  • pattern

    image.png 
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>pattern demo</title>
  <style>
    .border { border: 1px solid red; }
  </style>
</head>

<body>
  <svg class="border" width="120" height="120" viewBox="0 0 120 120">

    <defs>
      <linearGradient id="gradient-demo" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%" spreadMethod="reflect">
        <stop offset="10%" stop-color="#F00" stop-opacity="1" />
        <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0F0" stop-opacity="1" />
      </linearGradient>

      <pattern id="fill-demo" x="0" y="0" width="0.2" height="0.2">
        <circle cx="10" cy="10" r="5" fill="red" />
        <polygon points="0 5 20 5 10 20" fill="none" stroke="blue" />
      </pattern>

      <pattern id="border-demo" x="0" y="0" width="0.2" height="0.2">
        <rect width="20" height="20" fill="url(#gradient-demo)"></rect>
      </pattern>
    </defs>
    
    <rect x="10" y="10" width="100" height="100" fill="url(#fill-demo)" stroke="url(#gradient-demo)" stroke-width="5" />
    
  </svg>
</body>

</html>

  • symbol

    image.png 
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>symbol demo</title>
  <style>
    .border { border: 1px solid red; }
  </style>
</head>

<body>
  <svg class="border" width="120" height="120" viewBox="0 0 120 120">

    <defs>
      <symbol id="symbol-demo" viewBox="0 0 150 110">
        <circle cx="40" cy="30" r="20" stroke-width="8" stroke="green" fill="none" />
      </symbol>
    </defs>

    <g id="layer-root">
      <use xlink:href="#symbol-demo" x="0" y="20" width="100" height="50" />
      <use xlink:href="#symbol-demo" x="0" y="50" width="75" height="38" />
      <use xlink:href="#symbol-demo" x="0" y="80" width="50" height="25" />
    </g>

  </svg>
</body>

</html>

  • g

    image.png 
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>g demo</title>
  <style>
    .border { border: 1px solid red; }
  </style>
</head>

<body>
  <svg class="border" width="120" height="120" viewBox="0 0 120 120">
    
    <!-- g 图层下所有元素继承：fill="white" stroke="green" stroke-width="10" 属性 -->
    <g fill="white" stroke="green" stroke-width="10"> 
      <circle cx="40" cy="40" r="10" /> 
      <circle cx="60" cy="40" r="10" /> 
      <circle cx="80" cy="40" r="10" /> 
      <circle cx="50" cy="55" r="10" /> 
      <circle cx="70" cy="55" r="10" /> 
    </g>

  </svg>
</body>

</html>

  • a

    image.png 
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>a demo</title>
  <style>
    .border { border: 1px solid red; }
  </style>
</head>

<body>
  <svg class="border" width="120" height="120" viewBox="0 0 120 120">
    <a xlink:href="https://www.baidu.com" target="_blank">
      <text x="10" y="50" style="font-size:12px;" fill="blue"> 跳转到 Baidu </text>
    </a>
  </svg>
</body>

</html>



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