reducer可以state管理,并管理其更新逻辑. context则用于组件深层传递数据, 两者结合, 有助于组件的干净整洁, 数据的专注.
总体步骤是
- 创建context
- 将reducer人的state和dispatch放入context
- 在组件树的任何地方使用context, 通过context获取到state和dispatch, 并完成逻辑更新
示例(codesandbox地址):
App.jsx, TasksProvider内集合了reducer和context的逻辑, 使得App.jsx的组件内容更加简洁
import AddTask from './AddTask.js';
import TaskList from './TaskList.js';
import { TasksProvider } from './TasksContext.js';
export default function TaskApp() {
return (
<TasksProvider>
<h1>Day off in Kyoto</h1>
<AddTask />
<TaskList />
</TasksProvider>
);
}
TasksContext.jsx
- 使用createContext创建了TasksContext, TasksDispatchContext, 用来分别存储tasks和dispatch
- 使用useReducer分别创建了tasks, dispatch, 这个是reducer的功能
- 定义了useTasks, useTasksDispatch两个函数, 分别使用useContext使用了TasksContext, TasksDispatchContext
- TasksProvider组件内, 在每个xxx.Provider内传入value, 此处分别传入了reducer产生的tasks,dispatch, 使得TasksProvider下的任意一级子组件可以获取tasks和dispatch
import { createContext, useContext, useReducer } from 'react';
const TasksContext = createContext(null);
const TasksDispatchContext = createContext(null);
export function TasksProvider({ children }) {
const [tasks, dispatch] = useReducer(
tasksReducer,
initialTasks
);
return (
<TasksContext.Provider value={tasks}>
<TasksDispatchContext.Provider value={dispatch}>
{children}
</TasksDispatchContext.Provider>
</TasksContext.Provider>
);
}
export function useTasks() {
return useContext(TasksContext);
}
export function useTasksDispatch() {
return useContext(TasksDispatchContext);
}
function tasksReducer(tasks, action) {
switch (action.type) {
case 'added': {
return [...tasks, {
id: action.id,
text: action.text,
done: false
}];
}
case 'changed': {
return tasks.map(t => {
if (t.id === action.task.id) {
return action.task;
} else {
return t;
}
});
}
case 'deleted': {
return tasks.filter(t => t.id !== action.id);
}
default: {
throw Error('Unknown action: ' + action.type);
}
}
}
const initialTasks = [
{ id: 0, text: 'Philosopher’s Path', done: true },
{ id: 1, text: 'Visit the temple', done: false },
{ id: 2, text: 'Drink matcha', done: false }
];
AddTask.jsx 业务逻辑不重要, 重要的是按钮的点击事件中, dispatch是通过TasksContext.jsx中的useTasksDispatch获取的
import { useState } from 'react';
import { useTasksDispatch } from './TasksContext.jsx';
export default function AddTask() {
const [text, setText] = useState('');
const dispatch = useTasksDispatch();
return (
<>
<input
placeholder="Add task"
value={text}
onChange={e => setText(e.target.value)}
/>
<button onClick={() => {
setText('');
dispatch({
type: 'added',
id: nextId++,
text: text,
});
}}>Add</button>
</>
);
}
let nextId = 3;
``
TaskList.jsx
这里的tasks是从TasksContext.jsx中的useTasks获取的, 同理dispatch也是从useTasksDispatch获取的
import { useState } from 'react'; import { useTasks, useTasksDispatch } from './TasksContext.jsx';
export default function TaskList() { const tasks = useTasks(); return (
-
{tasks.map(task => (
- ))}
function Task({ task }) { const [isEditing, setIsEditing] = useState(false); const dispatch = useTasksDispatch(); let taskContent; if (isEditing) { taskContent = ( <> <input value={task.text} onChange={e => { dispatch({ type: 'changed', task: { ...task, text: e.target.value } }); }} /> <button onClick={() => setIsEditing(false)}> Save </> ); } else { taskContent = ( <> {task.text} <button onClick={() => setIsEditing(true)}> Edit </> ); } return ( <input type="checkbox" checked={task.done} onChange={e => { dispatch({ type: 'changed', task: { ...task, done: e.target.checked } }); }} /> {taskContent} <button onClick={() => { dispatch({ type: 'deleted', id: task.id }); }}> Delete ); } ``