1093. 大样本统计
我们对 0 到 255 之间的整数进行采样，并将结果存储在数组 count 中：count[k] 就是整数 k 在样本中出现的次数。
计算以下统计数据:
-
minimum：样本中的最小元素。 -
maximum：样品中的最大元素。 -
mean：样本的平均值，计算为所有元素的总和除以元素总数。 -
median：- 如果样本的元素个数是奇数，那么一旦样本排序后，中位数
median就是中间的元素。 - 如果样本中有偶数个元素，那么中位数
median就是样本排序后中间两个元素的平均值。
- 如果样本的元素个数是奇数，那么一旦样本排序后，中位数
-
mode：样本中出现次数最多的数字。保众数是 唯一 的。
以浮点数数组的形式返回样本的统计信息 [minimum, maximum, mean, median, mode] 。与真实答案误差在 10^-5 内的答案都可以通过。
示例 1：
输入：count = [0,1,3,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
输出：[1.00000,3.00000,2.37500,2.50000,3.00000]
解释：用count表示的样本为[1,2,2,2,3,3,3,3]。
最小值和最大值分别为1和3。
均值是(1+2+2+2+3+3+3+3) / 8 = 19 / 8 = 2.375。
因为样本的大小是偶数，所以中位数是中间两个元素2和3的平均值，也就是2.5。
众数为3，因为它在样本中出现的次数最多。
示例 2：
输入：count = [0,4,3,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
输出：[1.00000,4.00000,2.18182,2.00000,1.00000]
解释：用count表示的样本为[1,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4]。
最小值为1，最大值为4。
平均数是(1+1+1+1+2+2+2+3+3+4+4)/ 11 = 24 / 11 = 2.18181818…(为了显示，输出显示了整数2.18182)。
因为样本的大小是奇数，所以中值是中间元素2。
众数为1，因为它在样本中出现的次数最多。
提示：
count.length == 2560 <= count[i] <= 10^91 <= sum(count) <= 10^9count的众数是 唯一 的
解题思路：
from typing import List
class Solution:
def sampleStats(self, count: List[int]) -> List[float]:
min_val, max_val = -1, -1
total = 0
total_cnt = 0
max_cnt = -1
common_val = -1
buf = []
for val, cnt in enumerate(count):
if cnt != 0:
buf.append((val, cnt))
max_val = val
if min_val == -1:
min_val = val
total += cnt * val
total_cnt += cnt
if cnt > max_cnt:
common_val = val
max_cnt = cnt
mean_val = total / total_cnt
target = total_cnt // 2 + (total_cnt & 1)
even = (total_cnt & 1) == 0
total_cnt = 0
mid_val = 0
for i, (val, cnt) in enumerate(buf):
if total_cnt + cnt >= target:
if not even or total_cnt + cnt > target:
mid_val = val
else:
mid_val = (val + buf[i+1][0]) / 2
break
total_cnt += cnt
return [float(x) for x in [min_val, max_val, mean_val, mid_val, common_val]]
