很多框架都带有脚手架工具，帮助初始化项目，可以快速开始开发。Docker 在最近的更新上也引入了 docker init 命令，帮忙生成 Dockerfile、.dockerignore、docker-compose.yaml，帮助项目快速接入 Docker. 本文简单探索这个工具的使用。
安装
只需要将 Docker Desktop 升级到 4.19.0 之后既可以使用 docker init 命令。
使用
在一个项目中使用 docker init 命令即可，docker 会自动检测项目语言，目前支持的语言有 Go, Python, Node。
这里我们用一个 Vite 示例项目
docker init
可以看到经过一些指使和确定项目启动命令之后，成功生成了 Dockerfile、.dockerignore、compose.yaml 三个文件。并且提示我们使用 docker compose up --build 即可使用 docker 启动。
生成的文件
生成的文件还是比较简单和模版类似的，但是基本符合使用需求，如果有需要可以自己在此基础上修改。我们这里就把 npm ci --omit=dev 这行安装命令改成 npm ci 以免后续启动报错（这里只是示例启动，实际项目部署应该按照自己项目需求和部署方式）。
Dockerfile
# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
# Comments are provided throughout this file to help you get started.
# If you need more help, visit the Dockerfile reference guide at
# https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/
ARG NODE_VERSION=16.15.1
################################################################################
# Use node image for base image for all stages.
FROM node:${NODE_VERSION}-alpine as base
# Set working directory for all build stages.
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
################################################################################
# Create a stage for installing production dependecies.
FROM base as deps
# Download dependencies as a separate step to take advantage of Docker's caching.
# Leverage a cache mount to /root/.npm to speed up subsequent builds.
# Leverage bind mounts to package.json and package-lock.json to avoid having to copy them
# into this layer.
RUN --mount=type=bind,source=package.json,target=package.json \
--mount=type=bind,source=package-lock.json,target=package-lock.json \
--mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm \
npm ci
################################################################################
# Create a stage for building the application.
FROM deps as build
# Download additional development dependencies before building, as some projects require
# "devDependencies" to be installed to build. If you don't need this, remove this step.
RUN --mount=type=bind,source=package.json,target=package.json \
--mount=type=bind,source=package-lock.json,target=package-lock.json \
--mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm \
npm ci --omit=dev
# Copy the rest of the source files into the image.
COPY . .
# Run the build script.
RUN npm run build
################################################################################
# Create a new stage to run the application with minimal runtime dependencies
# where the necessary files are copied from the build stage.
FROM base as final
# Use production node environment by default.
ENV NODE_ENV production
# Run the application as a non-root user.
USER node
# Copy package.json so that package manager commands can be used.
COPY package.json .
# Copy the production dependencies from the deps stage and also
# the built application from the build stage into the image.
COPY --from=deps /usr/src/app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=build /usr/src/app/dist ./dist
# Expose the port that the application listens on.
EXPOSE 4173
# Run the application.
CMD npm run preview
.dockerignore
# Include any files or directories that you don't want to be copied to your
# container here (e.g., local build artifacts, temporary files, etc.).
#
# For more help, visit the .dockerignore file reference guide at
# https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#dockerignore-file
**/.classpath
**/.dockerignore
**/.env
**/.git
**/.gitignore
**/.project
**/.settings
**/.toolstarget
**/.vs
**/.vscode
**/.next
**/.cache
**/*.*proj.user
**/*.dbmdl
**/*.jfm
**/charts
**/docker-compose*
**/compose*
**/Dockerfile*
**/node_modules
**/npm-debug.log
**/obj
**/secrets.dev.yaml
**/values.dev.yaml
**/build
**/dist
LICENSE
README.md
compose.yaml
# Comments are provided throughout this file to help you get started.
# If you need more help, visit the Docker compose reference guide at
# https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/
# Here the instructions define your application as a service called "server".
# This service is built from the Dockerfile in the current directory.
# You can add other services your application may depend on here, such as a
# database or a cache. For examples, see the Awesome Compose repository:
# https://github.com/docker/awesome-compose
services:
server:
build:
context: .
environment:
NODE_ENV: production
ports:
- 4173:4173
# The commented out section below is an example of how to define a PostgreSQL
# database that your application can use. `depends_on` tells Docker Compose to
# start the database before your application. The `db-data` volume persists the
# database data between container restarts. The `db-password` secret is used
# to set the database password. You must create `db/password.txt` and add
# a password of your choosing to it before running `docker-compose up`.
# depends_on:
# db:
# condition: service_healthy
# db:
# image: postgres
# restart: always
# user: postgres
# secrets:
# - db-password
# volumes:
# - db-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
# environment:
# - POSTGRES_DB=example
# - POSTGRES_PASSWORD_FILE=/run/secrets/db-password
# expose:
# - 5432
# healthcheck:
# test: [ "CMD", "pg_isready" ]
# interval: 10s
# timeout: 5s
# retries: 5
# volumes:
# db-data:
# secrets:
# db-password:
# file: db/password.txt
接着使用 docker compose up --build 即可通过 docker 启动项目
