ref
接受一个内部值并返回一个响应式且可变的 ref 对象。ref 对象仅有一个 .value property,指向该内部值。
<template>
<div>
<button @click="changeMsg">change</button>
<div>{{ message }}</div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import {ref} from 'vue'
let message: Ref<string | number> = ref("我是message")
const changeMsg = () => {
message.value = "change msg"
}
</script>
isRef
判断是不是一个 ref 对象
import { ref, Ref, isRef } from 'vue'
let message: Ref<string | number> = ref("我是message")
let notRef:number = 123
const changeMsg = () => {
message.value = "change msg"
console.log(isRef(message)); //true
console.log(isRef(notRef)); //false
}
shallowRef
创建一个跟踪自身 .value 变化的 ref,但不会使其值也变成响应式的
这样修改,不会触发响应式,页面不会改变
<template>
<div>
<button @click="changeMsg">change</button>
<div>{{ message }}</div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { Ref, shallowRef } from 'vue'
type Obj = {
name: string
}
let message: Ref<Obj> = shallowRef({
name: "我是小刘"
})
const changeMsg = () => {
message.value.name = '我不是小刘'
}
</script>
修改成这样就可以监听到
const changeMsg = () => {
message.value = {
name: "我不是小刘"
}
}
triggerRef
强制更新页面DOM,上面的例子修改一下。使用 triggerRef() 强制更新
import { Ref, shallowRef, triggerRef } from 'vue'
type Obj = {
name: string
}
let message: Ref<Obj> = shallowRef({
name: "我是小刘"
})
const changeMsg = () => {
message.value.name = '我不是小刘'
// 强制更新dom
triggerRef(message)
}
customRef
自定义ref,customRef 是个工厂函数要求我们返回一个对象 并且实现 get 和 set
<template>
<div>
{{ name }}
</div>
<hr>
<button @click="change">修改 customRef</button>
</template>
<script setup lang='ts'>
import { customRef } from 'vue'
function myRef<T = any>(value: T) {
return customRef((track, trigger) => {
return {
get() {
track()
return value
},
set(newVal) {
console.log('触发了set')
value = newVal
trigger()
}
}
})
}
const name = myRef<string>('我是小刘')
const change = () => {
name.value = '我不是小刘'
}
</script>
<style scoped></style>
reactive
用来绑定引用数据类型 例如 对象 数组,不能绑定普通的数据类型,会报错
基本用法
import { reactive } from 'vue'
let person = reactive({
name:"我是小刘"
})
// 修改
person.name = "我不是小刘"
数组异步赋值问题 这样赋值页面是不会变化的因为会脱离响应式
let person = reactive<number[]>([])
setTimeout(() => {
person = [1, 2, 3]
console.log(person);
},1000)
可以使用方法1、
import { reactive } from 'vue'
let person = reactive<number[]>([])
setTimeout(() => {
const arr = [1, 2, 3]
person.push(...arr)
console.log(person);
},1000)
可以使用方法2、
import { reactive } from 'vue'
type Person = {
list: number[]
}
let person = reactive<Person>({
list: []
})
setTimeout(() => {
person.list = [1, 2, 3]
console.log(person);
}, 1000)
readonly
拷贝一份proxy对象将其设置为只读
import { reactive ,readonly} from 'vue'
const person = reactive({count:1})
const copy = readonly(person)
//person.count++
// error:无法为“count”赋值,因为它是只读属性。
copy.count++
shallowReactive
只能对浅层的数据 如果是深层的数据只会改变值 不会改变视图
<template>
<div>
<div>{{ state }}</div>
<button @click="change1">change1</button>
<button @click="change2">change2</button>
</div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { shallowReactive } from 'vue'
const obj = {
a: 1,
first: {
b: 2,
second: {
c: 3
}
}
}
const state = shallowReactive(obj)
function change1() {
// 页面变化
state.a = 666
}
function change2() {
// 页面没变化
state.first.b = 888
state.first.second.c = 9999
console.log(state);
}
</script>
toRef、toRefs、toRaw
toRef
只能修改响应式对象的值,对非响应式对象值,数据会改变但视图不会改变
<template>
<div>
obj:{{ obj }}
<button @click="change">按钮</button>
state:{{ state }}
</div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { toRef } from 'vue'
const obj = {foo: 1,bar: 1}
const state = toRef(obj, 'bar')
const change = () => {
state.value++
console.log(obj, state);
}
</script>
使用 reactive 把 obj 变成响应式对象,视图就会改变了
import { toRef, reactive } from 'vue'
const obj = reactive({ foo: 1, bar: 1 })
const state = toRef(obj, 'bar')
const change = () => {
state.value++
console.log(obj, state);
}
toRefs
批量创建ref对象,主要方便解构使用
import { reactive, toRefs } from 'vue'
const obj = reactive({
foo: 1,
bar: 1
})
let { foo, bar } = toRefs(obj)
foo.value++
console.log(foo, bar);
toRaw
将响应式对象转化为普通对象
<script setup lang="ts">
import { reactive, toRaw } from 'vue'
const obj = reactive({
foo: 1,
bar: 1
})
// 响应式对象转化为普通对象
const state = toRaw(obj)
const change = () => {
console.log(obj);
console.log(state);
}
</script>