go基础实践 | 青训营笔记

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本次事件课程一共给出了三个实例，分别是：猜字谜游戏，在线字典爬虫程序，SOCKS5代理服务器。其中猜字谜让我们熟悉了for循环，变量定义，if else，输入输出流等内容。而在线字典则使用了爬虫的思想，其中我们通过爬取彩云词典将英文翻译成中文输出。最后，基于SOCKS5代理服务器让我们了解了go的并发高可用性。

猜字谜游戏：

对猜字谜的代码进行简易分析： 首先，生成随机数（设置随机种子，防止随机数一致） 然后，从输入流中读取输入的内容 接着，删除不必要符号并转换成int型 最后，循环判断是否正确并给出提示，，若正确则退出

以下为课程代码：

package main

import (
   "bufio"
   "fmt"
   "math/rand"
   "os"
   "strconv"
   "strings"
   "time"
)

func main() {
   maxNum := 100
   rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
   secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
   // fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)

   fmt.Println("Please input your guess")
   reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
   for {
      input, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
      if err != nil {
         fmt.Println("An error occured while reading input. Please try again", err)
         continue
      }
      input = strings.Trim(input, "\r\n")

      guess, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
      if err != nil {
         fmt.Println("Invalid input. Please enter an integer value")
         continue
      }
      fmt.Println("You guess is", guess)
      if guess > secretNumber {
         fmt.Println("Your guess is bigger than the secret number. Please try again")
      } else if guess < secretNumber {
         fmt.Println("Your guess is smaller than the secret number. Please try again")
      } else {
         fmt.Println("Correct, you Legend!")
         break
      }
   }
}

使用 fmt.Scanln 的简易版本：

package main

import (
   "fmt"
   "math/rand"
   "time"
)

func main() {
   maxNum := 100
   rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
   secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)

   fmt.Println("Please input your guess")
   for true {
      var guess int
      _, err := fmt.Scanln(&guess)
      if err != nil {
         fmt.Println("An error occured while reading input. Please try again", err)
         continue
      }
      fmt.Println("your guess number is :", guess)

      if guess < secretNumber {
         fmt.Println("Your guess is smaller than the secret number. Please try again")

      } else if guess > secretNumber {
         fmt.Println("Your guess is bigger than the secret number. Please try again")
      } else if guess == secretNumber {
         fmt.Println("Correct, you Legend!")
         break
      }
   }
}

在线字典

对网页：fanyi.caiyunapp.com/ 进行抓包。在对负载进行分析时，发现，核心是source和trans_type，分别表示需要翻译的内容和翻译类型。 由于请求头信息过多，在此我们使用 Convert curl commands to Go (curlconverter.com) 生成所需要代码：

req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")

同样的，将response的json数据转换成相应结构体，便于我们取用其中的数据，JSON转Golang Struct - 在线工具 - OKTools

type DictResponse struct {
   Rc   int `json:"rc"`
   Wiki struct {
      KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
      Description     struct {
         Source string      `json:"source"`
         Target interface{} `json:"target"`
      } `json:"description"`
      ID   string `json:"id"`
      Item struct {
         Source string `json:"source"`
         Target string `json:"target"`
      } `json:"item"`
      ImageURL  string `json:"image_url"`
      IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
      Sitelink  string `json:"sitelink"`
   } `json:"wiki"`
   Dictionary struct {
      Prons struct {
         EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
         En   string `json:"en"`
      } `json:"prons"`
      Explanations []string      `json:"explanations"`
      Synonym      []string      `json:"synonym"`
      Antonym      []string      `json:"antonym"`
      WqxExample   [][]string    `json:"wqx_example"`
      Entry        string        `json:"entry"`
      Type         string        `json:"type"`
      Related      []interface{} `json:"related"`
      Source       string        `json:"source"`
   } `json:"dictionary"`
}

同时，我们还可以将request的响应体部分用结构体存储：

type DictRequest struct {
   TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
   Source    string `json:"source"`
   UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}

之后便是将requeset响应体赋值，序列化，添加上请求头信息，发送请求，读取相应信息将其反序列化获取翻译结果，完整代码如下：

package main

import (
   "bytes"
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "io/ioutil"
   "log"
   "net/http"
   "os"
)

type DictRequest struct {
   TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
   Source    string `json:"source"`
   UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}

type DictResponse struct {
   Rc   int `json:"rc"`
   Wiki struct {
      KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
      Description     struct {
         Source string      `json:"source"`
         Target interface{} `json:"target"`
      } `json:"description"`
      ID   string `json:"id"`
      Item struct {
         Source string `json:"source"`
         Target string `json:"target"`
      } `json:"item"`
      ImageURL  string `json:"image_url"`
      IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
      Sitelink  string `json:"sitelink"`
   } `json:"wiki"`
   Dictionary struct {
      Prons struct {
         EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
         En   string `json:"en"`
      } `json:"prons"`
      Explanations []string      `json:"explanations"`
      Synonym      []string      `json:"synonym"`
      Antonym      []string      `json:"antonym"`
      WqxExample   [][]string    `json:"wqx_example"`
      Entry        string        `json:"entry"`
      Type         string        `json:"type"`
      Related      []interface{} `json:"related"`
      Source       string        `json:"source"`
   } `json:"dictionary"`
}

func query(word string) {
   client := &http.Client{}
   request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: word}
   buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   var data = bytes.NewReader(buf)
   req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
   req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
   req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
   req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
   req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
   req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
   req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
   req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
   req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
   req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
   req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
   req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
   req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
   req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
   req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
   resp, err := client.Do(req)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   defer resp.Body.Close()
   bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
      log.Fatal("bad StatusCode:", resp.StatusCode, "body", string(bodyText))
   }
   var dictResponse DictResponse
   err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &dictResponse)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   fmt.Println(word, "UK:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.En, "US:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.EnUs)
   for _, item := range dictResponse.Dictionary.Explanations {
      fmt.Println(item)
   }
}

func main() {
   if len(os.Args) != 2 {
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `usage: simpleDict WORD
example: simpleDict hello
      `)
      os.Exit(1)
   }
   word := os.Args[1]
   query(word)
}

SOCKS5 代理

分为三个阶段：1.认证阶段；2.请求阶段3.relay（回复）阶段

image.png

代码等同于课程代码不展示。

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