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PHP 状态模式讲解和代码示例

状态是一种行为设计模式， 让你能在一个对象的内部状态变化时改变其行为。

该模式将与状态相关的行为抽取到独立的状态类中， 让原对象将工作委派给这些类的实例， 而不是自行进行处理。

** 进一步了解状态模式 **

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流行度：******

使用示例： 在 PHP 语言中， 状态模式有时会被用于将基于 switch语句的大型状态机转换为对象。

识别方法： 状态模式可通过受外部控制且能根据对象状态改变行为的方法来识别。

概念示例真实世界示例

概念示例

本例说明了状态设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题：

• 它由哪些类组成？
• 这些类扮演了哪些角色？
• 模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联？

了解该模式的结构后， 你可以更容易地理解下面基于真实世界的 PHP 应用案例。

** index.php:  概念示例

<?php

namespace RefactoringGuru\State\Conceptual;

/**
 * The Context defines the interface of interest to clients. It also maintains a
 * reference to an instance of a State subclass, which represents the current
 * state of the Context.
 */
class Context
{
    /**
     * @var State A reference to the current state of the Context.
     */
    private $state;

    public function __construct(State $state)
    {
        $this->transitionTo($state);
    }

    /**
     * The Context allows changing the State object at runtime.
     */
    public function transitionTo(State $state): void
    {
        echo "Context: Transition to " . get_class($state) . ".\n";
        $this->state = $state;
        $this->state->setContext($this);
    }

    /**
     * The Context delegates part of its behavior to the current State object.
     */
    public function request1(): void
    {
        $this->state->handle1();
    }

    public function request2(): void
    {
        $this->state->handle2();
    }
}

/**
 * The base State class declares methods that all Concrete State should
 * implement and also provides a backreference to the Context object, associated
 * with the State. This backreference can be used by States to transition the
 * Context to another State.
 */
abstract class State
{
    /**
     * @var Context
     */
    protected $context;

    public function setContext(Context $context)
    {
        $this->context = $context;
    }

    abstract public function handle1(): void;

    abstract public function handle2(): void;
}

/**
 * Concrete States implement various behaviors, associated with a state of the
 * Context.
 */
class ConcreteStateA extends State
{
    public function handle1(): void
    {
        echo "ConcreteStateA handles request1.\n";
        echo "ConcreteStateA wants to change the state of the context.\n";
        $this->context->transitionTo(new ConcreteStateB());
    }

    public function handle2(): void
    {
        echo "ConcreteStateA handles request2.\n";
    }
}

class ConcreteStateB extends State
{
    public function handle1(): void
    {
        echo "ConcreteStateB handles request1.\n";
    }

    public function handle2(): void
    {
        echo "ConcreteStateB handles request2.\n";
        echo "ConcreteStateB wants to change the state of the context.\n";
        $this->context->transitionTo(new ConcreteStateA());
    }
}

/**
 * The client code.
 */
$context = new Context(new ConcreteStateA());
$context->request1();
$context->request2();

** Output.txt:  执行结果

Context: Transition to RefactoringGuru\State\Conceptual\ConcreteStateA.
ConcreteStateA handles request1.
ConcreteStateA wants to change the state of the context.
Context: Transition to RefactoringGuru\State\Conceptual\ConcreteStateB.
ConcreteStateB handles request2.
ConcreteStateB wants to change the state of the context.
Context: Transition to RefactoringGuru\State\Conceptual\ConcreteStateA.