1. 通过 brew 安装 nginx

学习第一步，安装第一步

说明： 本文章在 mac 系统 Intel core 下操作的 安装的 nginx version 是 1.23.3

brew🔗： brew.sh/

brew 常用命令：

• brew help # 查看 brew 的帮助
• brew help [COMMAND] # brew help services
• nginx -h # 查看 nginx 的帮助

nginx install

1. brew 安装 nginx

brew install nginx

2. 检查是否安装成功

nginx -v # 查看 nginx version，显示 nginx version: nginx/xx.xx.xx 即表示安装成功

3. brew 开启服务

查看服务是否开启成功 http://localhost:8080 ， 看到 welcome 则说明成功

brew services start nginx # brew services start xxx 即开启 xxx 服务

查看安装目录和配置文件讲解

查看安装目录：

brew info nginx
// The default port has been set in /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf to 8080 so that nginx can run without sudo,可以找到 nginx.conf 配置文件

• cd /usr/local/etc/nginx
• ls

fastcgi.conf		fastcgi_params.default	mime.types		nginx.conf.default	servers			win-utf
fastcgi.conf.default	koi-utf			mime.types.default	scgi_params		uwsgi_params
fastcgi_params		koi-win			nginx.conf		scgi_params.default	uwsgi_params.default

查看配置文件：

• cat nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

  	# include servecies/* 说明可以在 servecies 下新建一个配置文件，
		# 并且该文件可以将新建的配置文件包含进来，避免该文件过大
    include servers/*; 
}

术语解释

CGI 通用网关协议

• CGI (common gateway interface) 通用网关接口
• Web Server 通过 CGI 协议可以把动态的请求传递给对应的应用程序（如 php、jsp、python、node）
• FastCGI 实际上是增加了一些扩展功能的 CGI， 是 CGI 的改进，描述了客户端和 Web 服务器程序之间传输数据的一种标准
• SCGI 协议是 CGI 的替代品，它是一个应用于 HTTP 服务器的借口标准，它的设计更加容易实现