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PHP 命令模式讲解和代码示例

命令是一种行为设计模式， 它可将请求或简单操作转换为一个对象。

此类转换让你能够延迟进行或远程执行请求， 还可将其放入队列中。

** 进一步了解命令模式 **

复杂度：******

流行度：******

使用示例： 命令模式在 Java 代码中很常见。 它被用于对任务进行排序、 记录任务执行历史以及执行 “撤销” 操作。

识别方法： 命令模式可以通过抽象或接口类型 （发送者） 中的行为方法来识别， 该类型调用另一个不同的抽象或接口类型 （接收者） 实现中的方法， 该实现则是在创建时由命令模式的实现封装。 命令类通常仅限于一些特殊行为。

概念示例真实世界示例

概念示例

本例说明了命令设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题：

• 它由哪些类组成？
• 这些类扮演了哪些角色？
• 模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联？

了解该模式的结构后， 你可以更容易地理解下面基于真实世界的 PHP 应用案例。

** index.php:  概念示例

<?php

namespace RefactoringGuru\Command\Conceptual;

/**
 * The Command interface declares a method for executing a command.
 */
interface Command
{
    public function execute(): void;
}

/**
 * Some commands can implement simple operations on their own.
 */
class SimpleCommand implements Command
{
    private $payload;

    public function __construct(string $payload)
    {
        $this->payload = $payload;
    }

    public function execute(): void
    {
        echo "SimpleCommand: See, I can do simple things like printing (" . $this->payload . ")\n";
    }
}

/**
 * However, some commands can delegate more complex operations to other objects,
 * called "receivers."
 */
class ComplexCommand implements Command
{
    /**
     * @var Receiver
     */
    private $receiver;

    /**
     * Context data, required for launching the receiver's methods.
     */
    private $a;

    private $b;

    /**
     * Complex commands can accept one or several receiver objects along with
     * any context data via the constructor.
     */
    public function __construct(Receiver $receiver, string $a, string $b)
    {
        $this->receiver = $receiver;
        $this->a = $a;
        $this->b = $b;
    }

    /**
     * Commands can delegate to any methods of a receiver.
     */
    public function execute(): void
    {
        echo "ComplexCommand: Complex stuff should be done by a receiver object.\n";
        $this->receiver->doSomething($this->a);
        $this->receiver->doSomethingElse($this->b);
    }
}

/**
 * The Receiver classes contain some important business logic. They know how to
 * perform all kinds of operations, associated with carrying out a request. In
 * fact, any class may serve as a Receiver.
 */
class Receiver
{
    public function doSomething(string $a): void
    {
        echo "Receiver: Working on (" . $a . ".)\n";
    }

    public function doSomethingElse(string $b): void
    {
        echo "Receiver: Also working on (" . $b . ".)\n";
    }
}

/**
 * The Invoker is associated with one or several commands. It sends a request to
 * the command.
 */
class Invoker
{
    /**
     * @var Command
     */
    private $onStart;

    /**
     * @var Command
     */
    private $onFinish;

    /**
     * Initialize commands.
     */
    public function setOnStart(Command $command): void
    {
        $this->onStart = $command;
    }

    public function setOnFinish(Command $command): void
    {
        $this->onFinish = $command;
    }

    /**
     * The Invoker does not depend on concrete command or receiver classes. The
     * Invoker passes a request to a receiver indirectly, by executing a
     * command.
     */
    public function doSomethingImportant(): void
    {
        echo "Invoker: Does anybody want something done before I begin?\n";
        if ($this->onStart instanceof Command) {
            $this->onStart->execute();
        }

        echo "Invoker: ...doing something really important...\n";

        echo "Invoker: Does anybody want something done after I finish?\n";
        if ($this->onFinish instanceof Command) {
            $this->onFinish->execute();
        }
    }
}

/**
 * The client code can parameterize an invoker with any commands.
 */
$invoker = new Invoker();
$invoker->setOnStart(new SimpleCommand("Say Hi!"));
$receiver = new Receiver();
$invoker->setOnFinish(new ComplexCommand($receiver, "Send email", "Save report"));

$invoker->doSomethingImportant();

** Output.txt:  执行结果

Invoker: Does anybody want something done before I begin?
SimpleCommand: See, I can do simple things like printing (Say Hi!)
Invoker: ...doing something really important...
Invoker: Does anybody want something done after I finish?
ComplexCommand: Complex stuff should be done by a receiver object.
Receiver: Working on (Send email.)
Receiver: Also working on (Save report.)