算法题-数组-剑指 Offer 29-顺时针打印矩阵

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剑指 Offer 29-顺时针打印矩阵

题目描述

输入一个矩阵,按照从外向里以顺时针的顺序依次打印出每一个数字

示例 1:

输入: matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
输出: [1,2,3,6,9,8,7,4,5]

示例 2:

输入:matrix = [[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]]
输出:[1,2,3,4,8,12,11,10,9,5,6,7]

分析

先初始化m*n的数组,所有的值都为0

然后遍历从1到m*n,定义一个前进方向,右下左上依次切换,切换的条件是如果按照当前方向前进的话,下一个值为undefined或者不为0(已在exists数组里面)的时候,则换成下一个方向。

题解

/**
 * @param {number[][]} matrix
 * @return {number[]}
 */
var spiralOrder = function(matrix) {
    if (!matrix.length || !matrix[0].length) {
        return [];
    }
    const rows = matrix.length, columns = matrix[0].length;
    const visited = new Array(rows).fill(0).map(() => new Array(columns).fill(false));
    const total = rows * columns;
    const order = new Array(total).fill(0);

    let directionIndex = 0, row = 0, column = 0;
    const directions = [[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, 0]];
    for (let i = 0; i < total; i++) { 
        order[i] = matrix[row][column];
        visited[row][column] = true;
        const nextRow = row + directions[directionIndex][0], nextColumn = column + directions[directionIndex][1];
        if (!(0 <= nextRow && nextRow < rows && 0 <= nextColumn && nextColumn < columns && !(visited[nextRow][nextColumn]))) {
            directionIndex = (directionIndex + 1) % 4;
        }
        row += directions[directionIndex][0];
        column += directions[directionIndex][1];
    }
    return order;
};

分析

时间复杂度:O(mn)

空间复杂度:O(mn)

优化 - 边界条件,按层模拟

var spiralOrder = function(matrix) {
    if (!matrix.length || !matrix[0].length) {
        return [];
    }

    const rows = matrix.length, columns = matrix[0].length;
    const order = [];
    let left = 0, right = columns - 1, top = 0, bottom = rows - 1;
    while (left <= right && top <= bottom) {
        for (let column = left; column <= right; column++) {
            order.push(matrix[top][column]);
        }
        for (let row = top + 1; row <= bottom; row++) {
            order.push(matrix[row][right]);
        }
        if (left < right && top < bottom) {
            for (let column = right - 1; column > left; column--) {
                order.push(matrix[bottom][column]);
            }
            for (let row = bottom; row > top; row--) {
                order.push(matrix[row][left]);
            }
        }
        [left, right, top, bottom] = [left + 1, right - 1, top + 1, bottom - 1];
    }
    return order;
};

时间复杂度:O(mn)

空间复杂度:O(1)

难点

模拟、螺旋打印