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PHP 享元模式讲解和代码示例

享元是一种结构型设计模式， 它允许你在消耗少量内存的情况下支持大量对象。

模式通过共享多个对象的部分状态来实现上述功能。 换句话来说， 享元会将不同对象的相同数据进行缓存以节省内存。

** 进一步了解享元模式 **

复杂度：******

流行度：******

使用示例： 由于 PHP 语言的特性， 享元模式很少在 PHP 中使用。 PHP 脚本通常仅需要应用的一部分数据， 从不会同时将所有数据载入内存。

识别方法： 享元可以通过构建方法来识别， 它会返回缓存对象而不是创建新的对象。

概念示例真实世界示例

概念示例

本例说明了享元设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题：

• 它由哪些类组成？
• 这些类扮演了哪些角色？
• 模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联？

了解该模式的结构后， 你可以更轻松地理解下面基于真实世界的 PHP 应用案例。

** index.php:  概念示例

<?php

namespace RefactoringGuru\Flyweight\Conceptual;

/**
 * The Flyweight stores a common portion of the state (also called intrinsic
 * state) that belongs to multiple real business entities. The Flyweight accepts
 * the rest of the state (extrinsic state, unique for each entity) via its
 * method parameters.
 */
class Flyweight
{
    private $sharedState;

    public function __construct($sharedState)
    {
        $this->sharedState = $sharedState;
    }

    public function operation($uniqueState): void
    {
        $s = json_encode($this->sharedState);
        $u = json_encode($uniqueState);
        echo "Flyweight: Displaying shared ($s) and unique ($u) state.\n";
    }
}

/**
 * The Flyweight Factory creates and manages the Flyweight objects. It ensures
 * that flyweights are shared correctly. When the client requests a flyweight,
 * the factory either returns an existing instance or creates a new one, if it
 * doesn't exist yet.
 */
class FlyweightFactory
{
    /**
     * @var Flyweight[]
     */
    private $flyweights = [];

    public function __construct(array $initialFlyweights)
    {
        foreach ($initialFlyweights as $state) {
            $this->flyweights[$this->getKey($state)] = new Flyweight($state);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a Flyweight's string hash for a given state.
     */
    private function getKey(array $state): string
    {
        ksort($state);

        return implode("_", $state);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an existing Flyweight with a given state or creates a new one.
     */
    public function getFlyweight(array $sharedState): Flyweight
    {
        $key = $this->getKey($sharedState);

        if (!isset($this->flyweights[$key])) {
            echo "FlyweightFactory: Can't find a flyweight, creating new one.\n";
            $this->flyweights[$key] = new Flyweight($sharedState);
        } else {
            echo "FlyweightFactory: Reusing existing flyweight.\n";
        }

        return $this->flyweights[$key];
    }

    public function listFlyweights(): void
    {
        $count = count($this->flyweights);
        echo "\nFlyweightFactory: I have $count flyweights:\n";
        foreach ($this->flyweights as $key => $flyweight) {
            echo $key . "\n";
        }
    }
}

/**
 * The client code usually creates a bunch of pre-populated flyweights in the
 * initialization stage of the application.
 */
$factory = new FlyweightFactory([
    ["Chevrolet", "Camaro2018", "pink"],
    ["Mercedes Benz", "C300", "black"],
    ["Mercedes Benz", "C500", "red"],
    ["BMW", "M5", "red"],
    ["BMW", "X6", "white"],
    // ...
]);
$factory->listFlyweights();

// ...

function addCarToPoliceDatabase(
    FlyweightFactory $ff, $plates, $owner,
    $brand, $model, $color
) {
    echo "\nClient: Adding a car to database.\n";
    $flyweight = $ff->getFlyweight([$brand, $model, $color]);

    // The client code either stores or calculates extrinsic state and passes it
    // to the flyweight's methods.
    $flyweight->operation([$plates, $owner]);
}

addCarToPoliceDatabase($factory,
    "CL234IR",
    "James Doe",
    "BMW",
    "M5",
    "red",
);

addCarToPoliceDatabase($factory,
    "CL234IR",
    "James Doe",
    "BMW",
    "X1",
    "red",
);

$factory->listFlyweights();

** Output.txt:  执行结果

FlyweightFactory: I have 5 flyweights:
Chevrolet_Camaro2018_pink
Mercedes Benz_C300_black
Mercedes Benz_C500_red
BMW_M5_red
BMW_X6_white

Client: Adding a car to database.
FlyweightFactory: Reusing existing flyweight.
Flyweight: Displaying shared (["BMW","M5","red"]) and unique (["CL234IR","James Doe"]) state.

Client: Adding a car to database.
FlyweightFactory: Can't find a flyweight, creating new one.
Flyweight: Displaying shared (["BMW","X1","red"]) and unique (["CL234IR","James Doe"]) state.

FlyweightFactory: I have 6 flyweights:
Chevrolet_Camaro2018_pink
Mercedes Benz_C300_black
Mercedes Benz_C500_red
BMW_M5_red
BMW_X6_white
BMW_X1_red