数据的三个处理阶段
- Collection
- Transformation
- Encoding
Data Types
- item:一般理解为行
- attribute:一般理解成列
- link:两个item之间的关系
- position:位置、坐标或经纬等
- grid
Dataset Types
- tables
- items
- attributes
- networks & trees
- items
- links
- attributes
- fields
- grids
- positions
- attributes
- geometry
- items
- positions
- clusters, sets, lists
- item
Attribute Types
- 类别型属性Categorical
- 描述类别/状态
- 如true false 男/女 airplane/car road/river religion/country等
- compare equality
- no implicit ordering
- 有序型属性Ordinal
- 有序的类别值
- 需要使用“对比”,无法执行有意义的算术运算
- 定量型属性Quantitative
- 测量的数值
- 可以执行有意义的算术运算
Data Abstraction
- 区分数据类型和数据集的组织类型
- 明确数据的属性及其类型
- 明确属性的语义特征
- Spatial or Temporal(区分属性为时间or空间)
- Sequential, Diverging or Cyclic(区分属性为顺序/发散/循环)
- Hierachical(区分属性是否层次化,如夜间用电可视化)
数据抽象帮助确定哪些操作/变换和编码方法可用且恰当
数据抽象帮助确定可以使用哪些数据转换,以及确定数据可用哪些可视化表示
识别数据属性和属性类型将指导选择恰当的图形来可视化展示数据,创建有效可视化图表
Fundamental Graphs
- Bar Chart
visualize and describe the correct quantitative realtionship between different categories/attributes
2. Line Chart
visualize and describe how a quantity quantitative changes in relation to another quantity
3. Scatter Plot
visualize and describe how a quantity relate to another quantity
- Matrix visualize how a quantity distributes across two categories
5. Table
we've met long ago in MySQL..
- Symbol Map
visualize and describe how a quantity distributes across two spatial coordinates
- Gantt Chart
visualize and describe the incidents and their lasting period