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PHP 原型模式讲解和代码示例

原型是一种创建型设计模式， 使你能够复制对象， 甚至是复杂对象， 而又无需使代码依赖它们所属的类。

所有的原型类都必须有一个通用的接口， 使得即使在对象所属的具体类未知的情况下也能复制对象。 原型对象可以生成自身的完整副本， 因为相同类的对象可以相互访问对方的私有成员变量。

** 进一步了解原型模式 **

复杂度：******

流行度：******

使用示例： PHP 中提供立即可用的原型模式。 你可以使用 clone关键字创建一个对象的完整副本。 如果想要某个类支持克隆功能， 你需要实现 __clone方法。

识别方法： 原型可以简单地通过 clone或 copy等方法来识别。

概念示例真实世界示例

概念示例

本例说明了原型设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题：

• 它由哪些类组成？
• 这些类扮演了哪些角色？
• 模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联？

了解该模式的结构后， 你可以更容易地理解下面基于真实世界的 PHP 应用案例。

** index.php:  概念示例

<?php

namespace RefactoringGuru\Prototype\Conceptual;

/**
 * The example class that has cloning ability. We'll see how the values of field
 * with different types will be cloned.
 */
class Prototype
{
    public $primitive;
    public $component;
    public $circularReference;

    /**
     * PHP has built-in cloning support. You can `clone` an object without
     * defining any special methods as long as it has fields of primitive types.
     * Fields containing objects retain their references in a cloned object.
     * Therefore, in some cases, you might want to clone those referenced
     * objects as well. You can do this in a special `__clone()` method.
     */
    public function __clone()
    {
        $this->component = clone $this->component;

        // Cloning an object that has a nested object with backreference
        // requires special treatment. After the cloning is completed, the
        // nested object should point to the cloned object, instead of the
        // original object.
        $this->circularReference = clone $this->circularReference;
        $this->circularReference->prototype = $this;
    }
}

class ComponentWithBackReference
{
    public $prototype;

    /**
     * Note that the constructor won't be executed during cloning. If you have
     * complex logic inside the constructor, you may need to execute it in the
     * `__clone` method as well.
     */
    public function __construct(Prototype $prototype)
    {
        $this->prototype = $prototype;
    }
}

/**
 * The client code.
 */
function clientCode()
{
    $p1 = new Prototype();
    $p1->primitive = 245;
    $p1->component = new \DateTime();
    $p1->circularReference = new ComponentWithBackReference($p1);

    $p2 = clone $p1;
    if ($p1->primitive === $p2->primitive) {
        echo "Primitive field values have been carried over to a clone. Yay!\n";
    } else {
        echo "Primitive field values have not been copied. Booo!\n";
    }
    if ($p1->component === $p2->component) {
        echo "Simple component has not been cloned. Booo!\n";
    } else {
        echo "Simple component has been cloned. Yay!\n";
    }

    if ($p1->circularReference === $p2->circularReference) {
        echo "Component with back reference has not been cloned. Booo!\n";
    } else {
        echo "Component with back reference has been cloned. Yay!\n";
    }

    if ($p1->circularReference->prototype === $p2->circularReference->prototype) {
        echo "Component with back reference is linked to original object. Booo!\n";
    } else {
        echo "Component with back reference is linked to the clone. Yay!\n";
    }
}

clientCode();

** Output.txt:  执行结果

Primitive field values have been carried over to a clone. Yay!
Simple component has been cloned. Yay!
Component with back reference has been cloned. Yay!
Component with back reference is linked to the clone. Yay!