Android WIFI（二）连接WIFI

ChenYhong
4,164 阅读2分钟

在Android WIFI （一） 扫描WIFI中，我们介绍了如何扫描WIFI，本文介绍下如何连接WIFI。

权限

改变WIFI状态需要添加权限，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" />
</manifest>

通过WifiConfiguration进行连接（已废弃）

通过WifiManager和WifiConfiguration连接WIFI。需要注意的是，此方式在Android Q(10)以后已经废弃，我的测试机(Android S)使用此方式无法连接WIFI。

未加密的WIFI

通过WifiManager和WifiConfiguration连接未加密的WIFI，代码如下：

class WIFIExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        val wifiManager = applicationContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE) as WifiManager        
        // 以扫描结果的第一项为例，实际应用按需调整
        val wifiIfno = wifiManager.scanResults.first()
        val ssid = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
            it.wifiSsid.toString()
        } else {
            it.SSID
        }
        val wifiConfig = WifiConfiguration()
        wifiConfig.SSID = "\"$ssid\""
        wifiConfig.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE)
        wifiManager.enableNetwork(addNetwork(wifiConfig), true)
    }
}

加密类型为WEP的WIFI

通过WifiManager和WifiConfiguration连接加密类型为WEP的WIFI，代码如下：

class WIFIExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        val wifiManager = applicationContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE) as WifiManager
        val wifiIfno = wifiManager.scanResults.first()
        val ssid = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
            it.wifiSsid.toString()
        } else {
            it.SSID
        }
        val wifiConfig = WifiConfiguration()
        wifiConfig.SSID = "\"$ssid\""
        wifiConfig.wepKeys[0] = "\"${WIFI的密码}\""
        wifiConfig.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE)
        wifiConfig.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.OPEN)
        wifiConfig.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.SHARED)
        wifiManager.enableNetwork(addNetwork(wifiConfig), true)
    }
}

此加密类型已经过时，基本不再使用。

加密类型为WPA的WIFI

通过WifiManager和WifiConfiguration连接加密类型为WPA的WIFI，代码如下：

class WIFIExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        val wifiManager = applicationContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE) as WifiManager
        val wifiIfno = wifiManager.scanResults.first()
        val ssid = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
            it.wifiSsid.toString()
        } else {
            it.SSID
        }
        val wifiConfig = WifiConfiguration()
        wifiConfig.SSID = "\"$ssid\""
        wifiConfig.preSharedKey = "\"${WIFI的密码}\""
        wifiConfig.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK)
        wifiConfig.allowedProtocols.set(WifiConfiguration.Protocol.WPA)
        wifiConfig.allowedProtocols.set(WifiConfiguration.Protocol.RSN)
        wifiManager.enableNetwork(addNetwork(wifiConfig), true)
    }
}

通过WifiNetworkSpecifier进行连接

可以通过ConnectivityManager和WifiNetworkSpecifier连接WIFI。

官方文档

未加密的WIFI

通过ConnectivityManager和WifiNetworkSpecifier连接未加密的WIFI，代码如下：

class WIFIExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        val wifiManager = applicationContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE) as WifiManager
        val connectivityManager = getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManager
        val wifiIfno = wifiManager.scanResults.first()
        val ssid = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
            it.wifiSsid.toString()
        } else {
            it.SSID
        }
        val specifier = WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
            .setSsid(ssid)
            .setBssid(MacAddress.fromString(wifiIfno.BSSID))
            .build()
        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder()
            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
            .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
            .build()
        connectivityManager.requestNetwork(request, object : ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
            override fun onAvailable(network: Network) {
                super.onAvailable(network)
                connectivityManager.run {
                    if (boundNetworkForProcess != network) {
                        if (boundNetworkForProcess != network) {
                            bindProcessToNetwork(network)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        })
    }
}

加密类型为WPA的WIFI

通过ConnectivityManager和WifiNetworkSpecifier连接加密类型为WPA的WIFI，代码如下：

class WIFIExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        val wifiManager = applicationContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE) as WifiManager
        val connectivityManager = getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManager
        val wifiIfno = wifiManager.scanResults.first()
        val ssid = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
            it.wifiSsid.toString()
        } else {
            it.SSID
        }
        val specifierBuilder = WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
            .setSsid(ssid)
            .setBssid(MacAddress.fromString(wifiIfno.BSSID))
        if (wifiInfo.capabilities.contains("wpa3", true)) {
            specifierBuilder.setWpa3Passphrase(password)
        } else {
            specifierBuilder.setWpa2Passphrase(password)
        }
        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder()
            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
            .setNetworkSpecifier(specifierBuilder.build())
            .build()
        connectivityManager.requestNetwork(request, object : ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
            override fun onAvailable(network: Network) {
                super.onAvailable(network)
                connectivityManager.run {
                    if (boundNetworkForProcess != network) {
                        if (boundNetworkForProcess != network) {
                            bindProcessToNetwork(network)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        })
    }
}

测试结果（已更新）

效果如图：

外部浏览器内置WebView
WifiNetworkSpecifier -middle-original.gifdevice-2023-06-27-18 -middle-original.gif

可以看到，WIFI连接成功后，使用外部浏览器无法正常打开网页，App内置WebView则可以正常打开网页。个人认为，通过WifiNetworkSpecifier连接WIFI后，只有App使用的流量可以通过WIFI传输。

通过WifiNetworkSuggestion进行连接

可以通过WifiManager和WifiNetworkSuggestion连接WIFI。

需要注意，如果用户在系统的WIFI列表中断开某个已连接的建议WIFI，那么该WIFI会被拉入黑名单24小时。在黑名单期间，系统不会自动连接该WIFI，即使删除并重新添加建议也是如此。

官方文档

未加密的WIFI

通过WifiManager和WifiNetworkSuggestion连接未加密的WIFI，代码如下：

class WIFIExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        val wifiManager = applicationContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE) as WifiManager
        val wifiIfno = wifiManager.scanResults.first()
        val ssid = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
            it.wifiSsid.toString()
        } else {
            it.SSID
        }
        val suggestion = WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder()
            .setSsid(ssid)
            .setBssid(MacAddress.fromString(wifiIfno.BSSID))
            .build()
        wifiManager?.addNetworkSuggestions(listOf(suggestion))
    }
}

加密类型为WPA的WIFI

通过WifiManager和WifiNetworkSuggestion连接加密类型为WPA的WIFI，代码如下：

class WIFIExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        val wifiManager = applicationContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE) as WifiManager
        val wifiIfno = wifiManager.scanResults.first()
        val ssid = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
            it.wifiSsid.toString()
        } else {
            it.SSID
        }
        val suggestionBuilder = WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder()
            .setSsid(ssid)
            .setBssid(MacAddress.fromString(wifiIfno.BSSID))
        if (wifiInfo.capabilities.contains("wpa3", true)) {
            suggestionBuilder.setWpa3Passphrase(password)
        } else {
            suggestionBuilder.setWpa2Passphrase(password)
        }
        wifiManager.addNetworkSuggestions(listOf(suggestionBuilder.build()))
    }
}

测试结果

效果如图：

WifiNetworkSuggestio -middle-original.gif

可以看到，通过这种方式连接WIFI，可以正常的打开网页。

示例

在示例Demo中添加了相关的演示代码。

ExampleDemo github

ExampleDemo gitee

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