这里用到的nginx版本号是 nginx 1.21.0
安装nginx
1、根目录下安装依赖
yum -y install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
2、下载解压包到指定位置，比如我放在了data下面
#切换目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /data
#创建一个文件夹
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir nginx
#切换目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx
#下载
[root@localhost nginx]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.0.tar.gz
#解压
[root@localhost nginx]# tar -xvf nginx-1.21.0.tar.gz
3、安装nginx
#进入nginx目录
[root@localhost nginx]# cd /data/nginx
#进入目录
[root@localhost nginx]# cd nginx-1.21.0
#执行命令 指明h2模块 配置: listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
[root@localhost nginx-1.21.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_v2_module
#执行make命令
[root@localhost nginx-1.21.0]# make
#执行make install命令
[root@localhost nginx-1.21.0]# make install
4、配置nginx.conf
#备份Nginx配置文件
[root@localhost conf]# cp /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.bak
#打开配置文件，也可用vscode直接编辑该文件
[root@localhost conf]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
5.运行以下命令，进入Nginx的sbin目录，然后启动Nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
6.nginx常用命令
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin 首先进入 sbin 目录
./nginx 启动 Nginx
./nginx -s stop 停止 Nginx
./nginx -s reload 重新加载 Nginx
./nginx -v 查看 Nginx 版本
7.查看nginx是否成功启动了
[root@localhost sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 4338 1 0 16:48 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody 4339 4338 0 16:48 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 4341 1549 0 16:48 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
8.配置文件修改后，需要指定配置文件进行重启
#定配置文件进行重启
[root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#检测文件是否配置正确
[root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
9.创建一个软链接启动nginx
#建立软链接
[root@localhost sbin]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/
#启动
[root@localhost sbin]# nginx
#查看nginx版本
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.21.0
10.访问服务器ip+端口查看
配置https服务
1.打开nginx的配置文件，nginx.conf
可以申请免费证书，免费使用一年，到期后重新申请。有需要的话可以买ssl证书
# 修改成root权限后，nginx的服务访问就不会出现403了
user root;
worker_processes 1;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
# HTTPS server
#
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
# listen 443 ssl;
#域名名称
server_name _;
#证书位置（我这是在conf下新建了一个ssl文件放这两个文件）
ssl_certificate ssl/证书名字.crt;
#密钥位置
ssl_certificate_key ssl/证书名字.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# 资源根路径
root /usr/share/nginx/html/dist;
location / {
}
location /static/ {
alias /usr/share/nginx/html/static/;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
如果nginx没有web目录的权限，会出现403 可以把user改成root，或者每次手动修改web目录权限
chmod -R 777 /data/你的目录
配置开机自动启动
11.配置nginx开机自启动
i. 创建一个nginx.service,按i键进入编辑模式，修改配置文件，按Esc键，然后输入:wq并按Enter键以保存
#进入目录
[root@localhost system]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/
#创建文件
[root@localhost system]# touch nginx.service
#编辑文件内容
[root@localhost system]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
#赋予可执行的权限
[root@localhost system]# chmod +x /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
ii. 编辑文件内容
[Unit] #对服务的说明
Description=nginx - high performance web server #描述服务
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target #描述服务类别
[Service] #服务的一些具体运行参数的设置
Type=forking #后台运行的形式
PIDFile= /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid #PID文件的路径
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #启动准备
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #启动命令
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重启命令
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop #停止命令
ExecQuit=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit #快速停止
PrivateTmp=true #给服务分配临时空间
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target #服务用户的模式
iii. 查看文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile= /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecQuit=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
iiii. 启动服务
#在启动服务之前，需要先重载systemctl命令
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
#启动服务或者使用systemctl start nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx.service
#运行以下命令设置Nginx服务开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx
#查看nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 14869 1 0 17:37 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody 14871 14869 0 17:37 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 14893 1549 0 17:37 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
*配置systemctl之后的启动方式
systemctl status nginx #状态
systemctl start nginx #启动
systemctl stop nginx #停止
systemctl restart nginx #重启
iiiii. 使用reboot命令重启后，查看nginx是否成功的自启动了
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
Connection to 192.168.0.197 closed by remote host.
Connection to 192.168.0.197 closed.
C:\Users\beauty>ssh root@192.168.0.197
root@192.168.0.197's password:
Last login: Sat Jun 5 16:09:35 2021 from 192.168.0.194
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 1081 1 0 17:39 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody 1084 1081 0 17:39 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 1567 1548 0 17:40 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
