nextTick 实现原理

先上源码vue2

var timerFunc;

  // The nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
  // via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
  // MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
  // UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
  // completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
  // Promise is available, we will use it:
  /* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */
  if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
    var p = Promise.resolve();
    timerFunc = function () {
      p.then(flushCallbacks);
      // In problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
      // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
      // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
      // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
      // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
      if (isIOS) { setTimeout(noop); }
    };
    isUsingMicroTask = true;
  } else if (!isIE && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
    isNative(MutationObserver) ||
    // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
    MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
  )) {
    // Use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
    // e.g. PhantomJS, iOS7, Android 4.4
    // (#6466 MutationObserver is unreliable in IE11)
    var counter = 1;
    var observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks);
    var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter));
    observer.observe(textNode, {
      characterData: true
    });
    timerFunc = function () {
      counter = (counter + 1) % 2;
      textNode.data = String(counter);
    };
    isUsingMicroTask = true;
  } else if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) {
    // Fallback to setImmediate.
    // Technically it leverages the (macro) task queue,
    // but it is still a better choice than setTimeout.
    timerFunc = function () {
      setImmediate(flushCallbacks);
    };
  } else {
    // Fallback to setTimeout.
    timerFunc = function () {
      setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0);
    };
  }

  function nextTick (cb, ctx) {
    debugger
    var _resolve;
    callbacks.push(function () {
      if (cb) {
        try {
          cb.call(ctx);
        } catch (e) {
          handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick');
        }
      } else if (_resolve) {
        _resolve(ctx);
      }
    });
    if (!pending) {
      pending = true;
      timerFunc();
    }
    // $flow-disable-line
    if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
      return new Promise(function (resolve) {
        _resolve = resolve;
      })
    }
  }

nextTick实现原理

第一步: 创建flushCallbacks回调函数执行器

callbacks用于存储$nextTick传入的函数 flushCallbacks用于遍历执行回调函数

const callbacks = []
let pending = false

function flushCallbacks () {
  pending = false
  const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
  callbacks.length = 0
  for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
    copies[i]()
  }
}

第二步: 创建微任务包装器，并判断浏览器支持的微任务API赋予timerFunc

1. 先判断浏览器是否支持Promise，如果支持，则使用Promise来实现
2. 在判断浏览器是否支持MutationObserver，如果支持，则使用MutationObserver来实现
3. setImmediate/setTimeout

function nextTick (cb, ctx) {
    debugger
    var _resolve;
    callbacks.push(function () {
      if (cb) {
        try {
          cb.call(ctx);
        } catch (e) {
          handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick');
        }
      } else if (_resolve) {
        _resolve(ctx);
      }
    });
    if (!pending) {
      pending = true;
      timerFunc();
    }
    // $flow-disable-line
    if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
      return new Promise(function (resolve) {
        _resolve = resolve;
      })
    }
  }

导出nextTick方法，可接受两个参数cb是回调函数，ctx执行上下文 首先判断cb是否存在，存在则将绑定了ctx的回调函数push入callbacks中 pending默认值false，然后调用timerFunc微任务包装器来执行我们传入的回调

$nextTick微任务包装器的shim降级顺序： Promise > MutationObserver > setImmediate > setTimeout