在线词典｜ 青训营笔记

Lizbeth9421
124 阅读4分钟

这是我参与「第五届青训营 」伴学笔记创作活动的第4天

前言

使用go语言实现一个简易的在线词典，用户通过命令行参数指定需要翻译的单词，程序调用第三方api实现单词翻译功能。
本次案例使用彩云小译进行演示！

完成步骤

  • 网页抓包
  • 生成代码
  • 响应内容转JSON
  • 读取命令行参数
  • 响应内容清洗

网页抓包

首先打开彩云小译的翻译页面，我们首先打开开发者工具的网络监控页面，然后随意输入一个单词进行翻译，此时监控页面会出现一个名为dict的请求，右键复制，选择复制为curl。

curl 'https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict' \
  -H 'authority: api.interpreter.caiyunai.com' \
  -H 'accept: application/json, text/plain, */*' \
  -H 'accept-language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6' \
  -H 'app-name: xy' \
  -H 'cache-control: no-cache' \
  -H 'content-type: application/json;charset=UTF-8' \
  -H 'device-id;' \
  -H 'origin: https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com' \
  -H 'os-type: web' \
  -H 'os-version;' \
  -H 'pragma: no-cache' \
  -H 'referer: https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/' \
  -H 'sec-ch-ua: "Not_A Brand";v="99", "Microsoft Edge";v="109", "Chromium";v="109"' \
  -H 'sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0' \
  -H 'sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"' \
  -H 'sec-fetch-dest: empty' \
  -H 'sec-fetch-mode: cors' \
  -H 'sec-fetch-site: cross-site' \
  -H 'user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/109.0.1518.70' \
  -H 'x-authorization: token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi' \
  --data-raw '{"trans_type":"en2zh","source":"home"}' \
  --compressed

生成代码

打开curl生成代码网站，生成代码如下:

package main

import (
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"net/http"
"strings"
)

func main() {
   client := &http.Client{}
   var data = strings.NewReader(`{"trans_type":"en2zh","source":"home"}`)
   req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   req.Header.Set("authority", "api.interpreter.caiyunai.com")
   req.Header.Set("accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
   req.Header.Set("accept-language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6")
   req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
   req.Header.Set("cache-control", "no-cache")
   req.Header.Set("content-type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
   req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
   req.Header.Set("origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
   req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
   req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
   req.Header.Set("pragma", "no-cache")
   req.Header.Set("referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
   req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua", `"Not_A Brand";v="99", "Microsoft Edge";v="109", "Chromium";v="109"`)
   req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
   req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-platform", `"Windows"`)
   req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-dest", "empty")
   req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-mode", "cors")
   req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-site", "cross-site")
   req.Header.Set("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/109.0.1518.70")
   req.Header.Set("x-authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
   resp, err := client.Do(req)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   defer resp.Body.Close()
   bodyText, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   fmt.Printf("%s\n", bodyText)
}

&http.Client{}表示创建一个http客户端
http.NewRequest表示创建一个http连接，可以指定请求方式、url和请求参数
req.Header.Set可以指定请求头
client.Do表示发起请求 defer resp.Body.Close()表示在程序结束后关闭响应流

响应内容转JSON

请求发出后，对方服务器返回一个Json字符串，我们需要将Json字符串转为struct结构体，方便后续的数据处理，然而手动转结构体过于繁琐且浪费时间，这里我们使用OKTools在线转换，转换后效果如下：

type AutoGenerated struct {
	Rc int `json:"rc"`
	Wiki struct {
		KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
		Description struct {
			Source string `json:"source"`
			Target interface{} `json:"target"`
		} `json:"description"`
		ID string `json:"id"`
		Item struct {
			Source string `json:"source"`
			Target string `json:"target"`
		} `json:"item"`
		ImageURL string `json:"image_url"`
		IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
		Sitelink string `json:"sitelink"`
	} `json:"wiki"`
	Dictionary struct {
		Prons struct {
			EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
			En string `json:"en"`
		} `json:"prons"`
		Explanations []string `json:"explanations"`
		Synonym []string `json:"synonym"`
		Antonym []string `json:"antonym"`
		WqxExample [][]string `json:"wqx_example"`
		Entry string `json:"entry"`
		Type string `json:"type"`
		Related []interface{} `json:"related"`
		Source string `json:"source"`
	} `json:"dictionary"`
}

读取命令行参数

使用os包中的Args方法读取参数，并传入到查询方法中。

if len(os.Args) != 2 {
   fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `usage: simpleDict WORDexample: simpleDict hello`)
   os.Exit(1)
}
word := os.Args[1]
query(word)

响应内容清洗

将响应数据反序列化后，只挑选我们需要的信息，剔除多余的无用信息，最终输出翻译后信息。

image.png

var dictResponse DictResponse
err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &dictResponse)
if err != nil {
   log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(word, "UK:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.En, "US:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.EnUs)
for _, item := range dictResponse.Dictionary.Explanations {
   fmt.Println(item)
}

最终代码

package main

import (
   "bytes"
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "io/ioutil"
   "log"
   "net/http"
   "os"
)

type DictRequest struct {
   TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
   Source    string `json:"source"`
   UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}

type DictResponse struct {
   Rc   int `json:"rc"`
   Wiki struct {
      KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
      Description     struct {
         Source string      `json:"source"`
         Target interface{} `json:"target"`
      } `json:"description"`
      ID   string `json:"id"`
      Item struct {
         Source string `json:"source"`
         Target string `json:"target"`
      } `json:"item"`
      ImageURL  string `json:"image_url"`
      IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
      Sitelink  string `json:"sitelink"`
   } `json:"wiki"`
   Dictionary struct {
      Prons struct {
         EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
         En   string `json:"en"`
      } `json:"prons"`
      Explanations []string      `json:"explanations"`
      Synonym      []string      `json:"synonym"`
      Antonym      []string      `json:"antonym"`
      WqxExample   [][]string    `json:"wqx_example"`
      Entry        string        `json:"entry"`
      Type         string        `json:"type"`
      Related      []interface{} `json:"related"`
      Source       string        `json:"source"`
   } `json:"dictionary"`
}

func query(word string) {
   client := &http.Client{}
   request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: word}
   buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   var data = bytes.NewReader(buf)
   req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
   req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
   req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
   req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
   req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
   req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
   req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
   req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
   req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
   req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
   req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
   req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
   req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
   req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
   req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
   resp, err := client.Do(req)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   defer resp.Body.Close()
   bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
      log.Fatal("bad StatusCode:", resp.StatusCode, "body", string(bodyText))
   }
   var dictResponse DictResponse
   err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &dictResponse)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   fmt.Println(word, "UK:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.En, "US:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.EnUs)
   for _, item := range dictResponse.Dictionary.Explanations {
      fmt.Println(item)
   }
}

func main() {
   if len(os.Args) != 2 {
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `usage: simpleDict WORDexample: simpleDict hello`)
      os.Exit(1)
   }
   word := os.Args[1]
   query(word)
}
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