Go 项目案例
这是我参与「第五届青训营 」伴学笔记创作活动的第 2 天
猜谜游戏
package main
import (
"bufio"
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"os"
"strconv"
"strings"
"time"
)
func main() {
maxNum := 100
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) //设置随机数种子为当前时间戳
secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
// fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)
fmt.Println("Please input your guess")
reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) //创建一个缓冲区
for {
input, err := reader.ReadString('\n') //读取一行内容
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("An error occured while reading input. Please try again", err)
continue
}
input = strings.Trim(input, "\r\n") //去掉换行符
guess, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Invalid input. Please enter an integer value")
continue
}
fmt.Println("You guess is", guess)
if guess > secretNumber {
fmt.Println("Your guess is bigger than the secret number. Please try again")
} else if guess < secretNumber {
fmt.Println("Your guess is smaller than the secret number. Please try again")
} else {
fmt.Println("Correct, you Legend!")
break
}
}
}
在线词典
package main
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"log"
"net/http"
"os"
)
type DictRequest struct {
TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
Source string `json:"source"`
UserID string `json:"user_id"`
}
type DictResponse struct {
Rc int `json:"rc"`
Wiki struct {
KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
Description struct {
Source string `json:"source"`
Target interface{} `json:"target"`
} `json:"description"`
ID string `json:"id"`
Item struct {
Source string `json:"source"`
Target string `json:"target"`
} `json:"item"`
ImageURL string `json:"image_url"`
IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
Sitelink string `json:"sitelink"`
} `json:"wiki"`
Dictionary struct {
Prons struct {
EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
En string `json:"en"`
} `json:"prons"`
Explanations []string `json:"explanations"`
Synonym []string `json:"synonym"`
Antonym []string `json:"antonym"`
WqxExample [][]string `json:"wqx_example"`
Entry string `json:"entry"`
Type string `json:"type"`
Related []interface{} `json:"related"`
Source string `json:"source"`
} `json:"dictionary"`
}
func query(word string) {
client := &http.Client{} //创建一个http客户端
request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: word}
buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
var data = bytes.NewReader(buf)
req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data) //发起请求
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive") //设置头
req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
resp, err := client.Do(req)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer resp.Body.Close() //延迟调用defer 当函数执行完后从下往上执行
bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
log.Fatal("bad StatusCode:", resp.StatusCode, "body", string(bodyText))
}
var dictResponse DictResponse
err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &dictResponse)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(word, "UK:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.En, "US:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.EnUs)
for _, item := range dictResponse.Dictionary.Explanations {
fmt.Println(item)
}
}
func main() {
if len(os.Args) != 2 {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `usage: simpleDict WORD
example: simpleDict hello
`)
os.Exit(1)
}
word := os.Args[1]
query(word)
}
Socks5 代理
Socks5连接流程
TCP连接
package main
import (
"bufio"
"log"
"net"
)
func main() {
server, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:1080") //监听指定地址和端口
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
for {
client, err := server.Accept() //接受数据
if err != nil {
log.Printf("Accept failed %v", err)
continue
}
go process(client) //协程处理
}
}
func process(conn net.Conn) {
defer conn.Close()
reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
for {
b, err := reader.ReadByte()
if err != nil {
break
}
_, err = conn.Write([]byte{b})
if err != nil {
break
}
}
}
启动
go run main.go
发起请求
nc 127.0.0.1 1080
1
2
3
Socks5
package main
import (
"bufio"
"context"
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"net"
)
const socks5Ver = 0x05
const cmdBind = 0x01
const atypIPV4 = 0x01
const atypeHOST = 0x03
const atypeIPV6 = 0x04
func main() {
server, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:1080")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
for {
client, err := server.Accept()
if err != nil {
log.Printf("Accept failed %v", err)
continue
}
go process(client)
}
}
func process(conn net.Conn) {
defer conn.Close()
reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
err := auth(reader, conn)
if err != nil {
log.Printf("client %v auth failed:%v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
return
}
err = connect(reader, conn)
if err != nil {
log.Printf("client %v auth failed:%v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
return
}
}
func auth(reader *bufio.Reader, conn net.Conn) (err error) {
// +----+----------+----------+
// |VER | NMETHODS | METHODS |
// +----+----------+----------+
// | 1 | 1 | 1 to 255 |
// +----+----------+----------+
// VER: 协议版本，socks5为0x05
// NMETHODS: 支持认证的方法数量
// METHODS: 对应NMETHODS，NMETHODS的值为多少，METHODS就有多少个字节。RFC预定义了一些值的含义，内容如下:
// X’00’ NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED
// X’02’ USERNAME/PASSWORD
ver, err := reader.ReadByte()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("read ver failed:%w", err)
}
if ver != socks5Ver {
return fmt.Errorf("not supported ver:%v", ver)
}
methodSize, err := reader.ReadByte()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("read methodSize failed:%w", err)
}
method := make([]byte, methodSize)
_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, method)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("read method failed:%w", err)
}
// +----+--------+
// |VER | METHOD |
// +----+--------+
// | 1 | 1 |
// +----+--------+
_, err = conn.Write([]byte{socks5Ver, 0x00})
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("write failed:%w", err)
}
return nil
}
func connect(reader *bufio.Reader, conn net.Conn) (err error) {
// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
// |VER | CMD | RSV | ATYP | DST.ADDR | DST.PORT |
// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
// | 1 | 1 | X'00' | 1 | Variable | 2 |
// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
// VER 版本号，socks5的值为0x05
// CMD 0x01表示CONNECT请求
// RSV 保留字段，值为0x00
// ATYP 目标地址类型，DST.ADDR的数据对应这个字段的类型。
// 0x01表示IPv4地址，DST.ADDR为4个字节
// 0x03表示域名，DST.ADDR是一个可变长度的域名
// DST.ADDR 一个可变长度的值
// DST.PORT 目标端口，固定2个字节
buf := make([]byte, 4)
_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("read header failed:%w", err)
}
ver, cmd, atyp := buf[0], buf[1], buf[3]
if ver != socks5Ver {
return fmt.Errorf("not supported ver:%v", ver)
}
if cmd != cmdBind {
return fmt.Errorf("not supported cmd:%v", ver)
}
addr := ""
switch atyp {
case atypIPV4:
_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("read atyp failed:%w", err)
}
addr = fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d.%d.%d", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3])
case atypeHOST:
hostSize, err := reader.ReadByte()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("read hostSize failed:%w", err)
}
host := make([]byte, hostSize)
_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, host)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("read host failed:%w", err)
}
addr = string(host)
case atypeIPV6:
return errors.New("IPv6: no supported yet")
default:
return errors.New("invalid atyp")
}
_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf[:2]) //读取端口
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("read port failed:%w", err)
}
port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf[:2])
dest, err := net.Dial("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v", addr, port)) //用于回复代理主机的TCP连接
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("dial dst failed:%w", err)
}
defer dest.Close()
log.Println("dial", addr, port)
// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
// |VER | REP | RSV | ATYP | BND.ADDR | BND.PORT |
// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
// | 1 | 1 | X'00' | 1 | Variable | 2 |
// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
// VER socks版本，这里为0x05
// REP Relay field,内容取值如下 X’00’ succeeded
// RSV 保留字段
// ATYPE 地址类型
// BND.ADDR 服务绑定的地址
// BND.PORT 服务绑定的端口DST.PORT
_, err = conn.Write([]byte{0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0})
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("write failed: %w", err)
}
ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
defer cancel()
//将接受的数据复制到用于回复代理主机的TCP连接中
go func() {
_, _ = io.Copy(dest, reader)
cancel()
}()
//再将底层服务器拷贝到用户的浏览器中
go func() {
_, _ = io.Copy(conn, dest)
cancel()
}()
//等待任意一个cancel()执行后再往下执行
<-ctx.Done()
return nil
}
启动
go run main.go
发起socks5请求
curl --socks5 127.0.0.1:1080 -v http://www.qq.com
