这是我参与「第五届青训营 」伴学笔记创作活动的第 6 天

1.复习已学知识

• 继续复习Go语言的基础知识，包括定义变量，使用数组和切片，如何使用if else和for循环，定义结构体，对错误的处理，对字符串的操作，对JSON的正反序列化操作，对时间的操作，对数字的解析
• 复习实战案例的猜字游戏中通过math/rand包下的Intn方法获取随机树，但是需要设置一个种子，这个种子通常为当前时间戳
• 复习如何通过reader流获取键盘输入的数字

观看走进Go语言基础语言的课程

Go伪造浏览器发起HTTP请求

通过伪造浏览器发起HTTP请求，实现字典

v1版本

package main

import (
   "fmt"
   "io/ioutil"
   "log"
   "net/http"
   "strings"
)

/*
通过抓包彩云翻译的api并拷贝cURL然后去https://curlconverter.com/go/转换为具体代码，实现伪造http客户端发送请求到目标服务器
*/
func main() {
   client := &http.Client{}
   var data = strings.NewReader(`{"trans_type":"en2zh","source":"good"}`)
   req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
   req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
   req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
   req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
   req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
   req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
   req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
   req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
   req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
   req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
   req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
   req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
   req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
   req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
   req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
   //发起post请求
   resp, err := client.Do(req)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   //defer相当于finally
   defer resp.Body.Close()
   //使用ioutil工具类包去读取
   bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   fmt.Printf("%s\n", bodyText)
}

v2版本

package main

import (
   "bytes"
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "io/ioutil"
   "log"
   "net/http"
)

// 构建一个用于发送请求的json结构体
type DictRequest struct {
   TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
   Source    string `json:"source"`
   UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}

func main() {
   client := &http.Client{}
   request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: "good"}
   //使用json.Marshal()进行json序列化
   buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   var data = bytes.NewReader(buf)
   req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
   req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
   req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
   req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
   req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
   req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
   req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
   req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
   req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
   req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
   req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
   req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
   req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
   req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
   req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
   resp, err := client.Do(req)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   defer resp.Body.Close()
   bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   fmt.Printf("%s\n", bodyText)
}

v3版本

package main

import (
   "bytes"
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "io/ioutil"
   "log"
   "net/http"
)

/*
通过https://oktools.net/json2go把JSON转换为go的结构体发送HTTP请求，用结构体传递相关数据
*/
type DictRequest struct {
   TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
   Source    string `json:"source"`
   UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}

type DictResponse struct {
   Rc   int `json:"rc"`
   Wiki struct {
      KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
      Description     struct {
         Source string      `json:"source"`
         Target interface{} `json:"target"`
      } `json:"description"`
      ID   string `json:"id"`
      Item struct {
         Source string `json:"source"`
         Target string `json:"target"`
      } `json:"item"`
      ImageURL  string `json:"image_url"`
      IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
      Sitelink  string `json:"sitelink"`
   } `json:"wiki"`
   Dictionary struct {
      Prons struct {
         EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
         En   string `json:"en"`
      } `json:"prons"`
      Explanations []string      `json:"explanations"`
      Synonym      []string      `json:"synonym"`
      Antonym      []string      `json:"antonym"`
      WqxExample   [][]string    `json:"wqx_example"`
      Entry        string        `json:"entry"`
      Type         string        `json:"type"`
      Related      []interface{} `json:"related"`
      Source       string        `json:"source"`
   } `json:"dictionary"`
}

func main() {
   client := &http.Client{}
   request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: "good"}
   buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   var data = bytes.NewReader(buf)
   req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
   req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
   req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
   req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
   req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
   req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
   req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
   req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
   req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
   req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
   req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
   req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
   req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
   req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
   req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
   resp, err := client.Do(req)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   defer resp.Body.Close()
   bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   var dictResponse DictResponse
   err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &dictResponse)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   fmt.Printf("%#v\n", dictResponse)
}

最终版本

package main

import (
   "bytes"
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "io/ioutil"
   "log"
   "net/http"
)

type DictRequest struct {
   TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
   Source    string `json:"source"`
   UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}

type DictResponse struct {
   Rc   int `json:"rc"`
   Wiki struct {
      KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
      Description     struct {
         Source string      `json:"source"`
         Target interface{} `json:"target"`
      } `json:"description"`
      ID   string `json:"id"`
      Item struct {
         Source string `json:"source"`
         Target string `json:"target"`
      } `json:"item"`
      ImageURL  string `json:"image_url"`
      IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
      Sitelink  string `json:"sitelink"`
   } `json:"wiki"`
   Dictionary struct {
      Prons struct {
         EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
         En   string `json:"en"`
      } `json:"prons"`
      Explanations []string      `json:"explanations"`
      Synonym      []string      `json:"synonym"`
      Antonym      []string      `json:"antonym"`
      WqxExample   [][]string    `json:"wqx_example"`
      Entry        string        `json:"entry"`
      Type         string        `json:"type"`
      Related      []interface{} `json:"related"`
      Source       string        `json:"source"`
   } `json:"dictionary"`
}

func query(word string) {
   client := &http.Client{}
   request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: word}
   buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   var data = bytes.NewReader(buf)
   req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
   req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
   req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
   req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
   req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
   req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
   req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
   req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
   req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
   req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
   req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
   req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
   req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
   req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
   req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
   resp, err := client.Do(req)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   defer resp.Body.Close()
   bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
      log.Fatal("bad StatusCode:", resp.StatusCode, "body", string(bodyText))
   }
   var dictResponse DictResponse
   err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &dictResponse)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   fmt.Println(word, "UK:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.En, "US:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.EnUs)
   for _, item := range dictResponse.Dictionary.Explanations {
      fmt.Println(item)
   }
}

func main() {
   /*if len(os.Args) != 2 {
         fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `usage: simpleDict WORD
   example: simpleDict hello
         `)
         os.Exit(1)
      }
      word := os.Args[1]*/
   query("good")
}

总结

1.学会了如何通过Go发起一个HTTP请求
2.学会了通过结构体作为数据发送一个HTTP请求
3.学会了在发起HTTP请求适当的使用异常处理